USDT
USDT

Tether 价格

$0.99991
-$0.00008
(-0.01%)
过去 24 小时的价格变化
USDUSD
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Tether 市场信息

市值
市值是通过流通总应量与最新价格相乘进行计算。市值 = 当前流通量 × 最新价
流通总量
目前该代币在市场流通的数量
市值排行
该资产的市值排名
历史最高价
该代币在交易历史中的最高价格
历史最低价
该代币在交易历史中的最低价格
市值
$1,438.76亿
流通总量
144,034,280,963 USDT
144,034,280,963 USDT
的 100.00%
市值排行
--
审计方
CertiK
最后审计日期:2019年4月1日
24 小时最高
$1.0006
24 小时最低
$0.99954
历史最高价
$1.0130
-1.29% (-$0.01305)
最后更新日期:2023年3月13日
历史最低价
$0.95145
+5.09% (+$0.048460)
最后更新日期:2022年5月12日

Tether 价格表现 (美元)

Tether 当前价格为 $0.99991。Tether 的价格在过去 24 小时内下跌了 -0.01%。目前,Tether 市值排名为第 0 名,实时市值为 $1,438.76亿,流通供应量为 144,034,280,963 USDT,最大供应量为 144,034,280,963 USDT。我们会实时更新 Tether/USD 的价格。
今日
-$0.00008
-0.01%
7 天
+$0.00011000
+0.01%
30 天
+$0.00091000
+0.09%
3 个月
-$0.00029
-0.03%

关于 Tether (USDT)

4.1/5
Certik
4.2
2025/02/07
CyberScope
4.4
2025/02/08
TokenInsight
3.7
2024/11/07
此评级是欧易从不同来源收集的汇总评级,仅供一般参考。欧易不保证评级的质量或准确性。欧易无意提供 (i) 投资建议或推荐;(ii) 购买、出售或持有数字资产的要约或招揽;(iii) 财务、会计、法律或税务建议。包括稳定币和 NFT 的数字资产容易受到市场波动的影响,风险较高,波动较大,可能会贬值甚至变得一文不值。数字资产的价格和性能不受保证,且可能会发生变化,恕不另行通知。您的数字资产不受潜在损失保险的保障。 历史回报并不代表未来回报。欧易不保证任何回报、本金或利息的偿还。欧易不提供投资或资产建议。您应该根据自身的财务状况仔细考虑交易或持有数字资产是否适合您。具体情况请咨询您的专业法务、税务或投资人士。
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Tether (USDT)是世界上第一个、使用最广泛的稳定币,也是市值第三大的加密货币。USDT是一种基于以太坊、资产支持的稳定币,主要与美元挂钩和支持。因此,Tether的价值始终接近1美元。


Tether最初名为Realcoin,由Reeve Collins、Craig Sellars和Brock Pierce于2014年推出。USDT代币是由Tether Limited发行的,该公司由Bitfinex控制,可以在任何时候以等额兑付。


Tether最初是建立在比特币区块链之上的,但它的网络现在已经扩展到运行在十多种不同的区块链协议上,包括以太坊 (ETH)Tron(TRX)Solana (SOL)


Tether是在Omni层推出的,这是一个在比特币网络上创建和交易资产的平台。然而,尽管起源于比特币 网络, 却在以太坊上最常用。


USDT作为一种加密货币,可以由其发行公司Tether Limited铸造或销毁,更重要的是,可以通过任何支持区块链的网络快速、低成本地转移给个人。


例如,每当新的USDT代币发行时,Tether将相应的美元金额分配到其储备中,从而确保USDT仍然完全由现金和现金等价物支持。


USDT已被证明是一种稳定的货币。与常规的法定货币相比,Tether将法定美元转换为稳定币,并加快与其他加密货币的交易。


此外,USDT由于易于使用和广泛接受,已成为各大交易所的热门交易对。它也方便用户在Web3 钱包和交易所中交易他们的美元。


Tether还可以用来为那些可能无法接触到实际美元的群体增加一定程度的美元敞口。Tether Limited每日公布其储备价值的报告,并按季度由独立会计师出具担保意见。


USDT发展过程

Tether在一份更新的声明中透露,USDT代币不再完全由美元存款支持。相反,Tether是100%由储备支持的,包括传统货币、现金等价物、短期存款、商业票据、美国国债、公司债券、担保贷款、贵金属、公司基金和多种其他投资。


2021年1月,Tether limited在一周内铸造了创纪录的20亿USDT代币。这是在加密货币市场急剧增长的时期,不久之前,15亿代币的记录被创下。人们对USDT兴趣的增长与几个原因有关,包括对传统金融机构和货币日益缺乏信任,以及机构对加密货币兴趣的上升。


2021年11月,USDT上线Avalanche平台。 Avalanche是2020年上线的区块链行业中最快、最便宜的智能合约平台之一。基于avalanche的USDT最初由Bitfinex支持,据说可以提供更便宜、更快的USDT交易。


2022年4月,USDT被添加到区块链网络中Kusama 网络中,Kusama是第10个支持资产支持稳定币的网络。这对Kusama来说是一个里程碑,对USDT来说尤其重要。


Kusama是一个去中心化的专业、并行区块链网络,与更广泛的Polkadot区块链密切网络相关,通常被称为Polkadot的Canary 网络。Polkadot本身也将加入支持USDT的区块链行列。


2022年5月,USDT在Polygon 区块链网络上线,Polygon是一个以太坊的扩展解决方案,也被称为侧链或第二层网络(layer-2),以收取更低的交易费用和比其主网络以太坊更快而闻名。


当时,Polygon已经处理了超过16亿美元的交易,有超过50亿美元的锁定价值,并且有超过19,000个去中心化应用(DApps)在它上面运行。Polygon是USDT发布的第11个区块链网络。


USDT价格及经济模型

Tether Limited Inc接受投资者的存款,并将其存储在其储备中,铸造等值的新USDT代币,并向储户发行作为回报。当USDT持有人将代币兑换为美元时,代币将被销毁。Tether Limited控制USDT代币的铸造和销毁。


流通USDT约693.6亿枚,USDT总供应量691亿枚。一些USDT代币由Tether Limited保留,这解释了流通中的代币数量和存在的代币数量之间的差距。


USDT没有供应上限,因此Tether Limited可以创建任意数量的USDT代币,前提是有足够的抵押品支持它们。通常,铸造新的代币不会削弱现有代币的价值。同样,销毁USDT代币不会增加代币的值。


创始人团队

Tether成立于2014年,由一群早期加密货币采用者和比特币爱好者创建,他们对法币数字化非常热衷。它的起源是基于比特币区块链的Mastercoin协议。


布洛克·皮尔斯(Brock Pierce)是Mastercoin基金会的原始成员之一,该基金会帮助开发和推广Mastercoin。皮尔斯与克雷格·塞拉斯(Craig Sellars)和里夫·柯林斯(Reeve Collins)在2014年共同创立了Tether,Mastercoin协议是其技术基础。


Tether的前身“Realcoin”于2014年7月宣布,第一批代币于2014年10月发行。同年11月,该项目被重新命名为Tether,同时宣布进入内测阶段,使用三种货币:USTether(美元)、EuroTether(欧元)和YenTether(日元)。


Brock Pierce是一位知名企业家,也是多个备受瞩目的娱乐和加密项目的联合创始人,包括区块链Capital和Block.one。公司打造了著名的 EOS区块链项目。他还担任了一个名为比特币基金会(Bitcoin Foundation)的非营利组织的董事,该组织旨在改进和推广比特币。


Reeve Collins也是一名连续创业者,在共同创立Tether时,他已经联合创立了Traffic Marketplace、RedLever和Pala Interactive等成功公司。另一方面,Craig Sellars一直是Omni基金会的活跃成员,也与多个组织有关联,包括Bitfinex、Synereo、MaidSafe Foundation和Factom。

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社媒平台热度

发布量
过去 24 小时内提及某个代币的发帖数量。该指标可以帮助评估用户对该代币的感兴趣程度。
参与用户人数
过去 24 小时内发布有关该代币的用户数量。用户数量越多,可能表明该代币的表现有所提升。
互动量
过去24小时内由社交驱动的在线互动总和,例如点赞、评论和转发。较高的互动水平可能表明对该代币的强烈兴趣。
市场情绪占比
以百分数形式呈现,反映了过去 24 小时内的帖子对市场的情绪感知。数值越高,表明用户对市场越有信心,可能预示着市场表现正在变好。
发布量排名
过去 24 小时内的发帖数量排名。排名越高,则表示该代币越受欢迎。
Tether 的社交热度在各大平台上持续升温,表明社区对该币种的兴趣度和参与度不断高涨。讨论也在持续进行中,在过去 24 小时内新发布了 2,087 条关于 Tether 的帖子,其中有 1,541 人积极参与其中,社区互动将近 162万 次,也贡献了相当高的话题热度。另外,当前市场情绪值达到 63%,彰显了市场对 Tether 的总体感受和认知的洞察。
除了市场情绪这一指标外,当前 Tether 的发布量排名 1407,这体现了该币种在整体数字货币市场中的重要性和关注度。随着 Tether 的持续发展,其社交指标将成为衡量其影响力和市场覆盖度的重要参考。
由 LunarCrush 提供支持
发布量
2,087
参与用户人数
1,541
互动量
1,617,135
市场情绪占比
63%
发布量排名
#1407

X

发布量
1,015
互动量
1,293,518
市场情绪占比
59%

Tether 常见问题

什么是稳定币?
稳定币是一种加密货币,通过将其价值与某些加密货币、大宗商品、法定货币或金融工具挂钩,或利用套利系统,实现固定价格。
USDT的价格会上涨吗?

作为一种稳定币,Tether的价格被设计为固定在1美元,因此不太可能出现任何显著的上涨或下降。


然而,USDT的价格有几次跌破1美元。这通常发生在市场高度不确定性和恐惧的时候。但是,USDT已经成功地恢复了势头。


此外,USDT的价格不太可能偏离1美元,因为只要有积极的市场情绪,代币可以兑换等额的美元。

USDT是一项好的投资吗?

在欧易交易所,我们建议你在客观投资之前研究任何加密货币。加密货币被认为是一种高风险资产,容易出现大幅价格波动。因此,我们希望您只投资你愿意承担风险的资产。


此外,像所有加密货币一样,USDT是波动的,并带有投资风险。因此,在投资之前,你应该做深入的自我学习研究(DYOR),评估你的风险偏好。

我可以在哪里购买USDT代币?

您可以从欧易交易所购买 USDT。欧易交易所提供了许多 USDT 交易对,其中最受欢迎的是 BTC/USDT 以及 ETH/USDT 等交易对。当然,您也可以使用法定货币直接 购买 USDT 或者将 您的数字货币兑换为 USDT


在欧易交易所进行交易之前你需要先 创建交易账户。要用您喜欢的法币购买 USDT,请点击顶部导航栏“买币”下的“刷卡购买”。要交易 BTC/USDT 或 ETH/USDT,点击“交易”下的“基础交易”。在同一个选项卡下,单击“闪兑”将加密货币转换为 USDT 代币。


或者,访问我们新的数字货币计算器功能。选择 USDT 代币和您期望转换的期望使用的法定法币,以查看大致的实时兑换价格。

如何安全地存储USDT代币?
存储USDT代币的最佳方法是在您的欧易钱包中,它为您的资金提供最大的安全性,并允许您随时自由使用它们。
Tether 今天值多少钱?
目前,一个 Tether 价值是 $0.99991。如果您想要了解 Tether 价格走势与行情洞察,那么这里就是您的最佳选择。在欧易探索最新的 Tether 图表,进行专业交易。
数字货币是什么?
数字货币,例如 Tether 是在称为区块链的公共分类账上运行的数字资产。了解有关欧易上提供的数字货币和代币及其不同属性的更多信息,其中包括实时价格和实时图表。
数字货币是什么时候开始的?
由于 2008 年金融危机,人们对去中心化金融的兴趣激增。比特币作为去中心化网络上的安全数字资产提供了一种新颖的解决方案。从那时起,许多其他代币 (例如 Tether) 也诞生了。
Tether 的价格今天会涨吗?
查看 Tether 价格预测页面,预测未来价格,帮助您设定价格目标。

ESG 披露

ESG (环境、社会和治理) 法规针对数字资产,旨在应对其环境影响 (如高能耗挖矿)、提升透明度,并确保合规的治理实践。使数字代币行业与更广泛的可持续发展和社会目标保持一致。这些法规鼓励遵循相关标准,以降低风险并提高数字资产的可信度。
资产详情
名称
OKcoin Europe LTD
相关法人机构识别编码
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
代币名称
USD Tether
共识机制
USD Tether is present on the following networks: algorand, avalanche, bitcoin, bitcoin_cash, bitcoin_liquid, eos, ethereum, near_protocol, polygon, solana, statemine, statemint, tezos, tron. The Algorand blockchain utilizes a consensus mechanism termed Pure Proof-of-Stake (PPoS). Consensus, in this context, describes the method by which blocks are selected and appended to the blockchain. Algorand employs a verifiable random function (VRF) to select leaders who propose blocks for each round. Upon block proposal, a pseudorandomly selected committee of voters is chosen to evaluate the proposal. If a supermajority of these votes are from honest participants, the block is certified. What makes this algorithm a Pure Proof of Stake is that users are chosen for committees based on the number of algos in their accounts. This system leverages random committee selection to maintain high performance and inclusivity within the network. The consensus process involves three stages: 1. Propose: A leader proposes a new block. 2. Soft Vote: A committee of voters assesses the proposed block. 3. Certify Vote: Another committee certifies the block if it meets the required honesty threshold. The Avalanche blockchain network employs a unique Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism called Avalanche Consensus, which involves three interconnected protocols: Snowball, Snowflake, and Avalanche. Avalanche Consensus Process 1. Snowball Protocol: o Random Sampling: Each validator randomly samples a small, constant-sized subset of other validators. Repeated Polling: Validators repeatedly poll the sampled validators to determine the preferred transaction. Confidence Counters: Validators maintain confidence counters for each transaction, incrementing them each time a sampled validator supports their preferred transaction. Decision Threshold: Once the confidence counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold, the transaction is considered accepted. 2. Snowflake Protocol: Binary Decision: Enhances the Snowball protocol by incorporating a binary decision process. Validators decide between two conflicting transactions. Binary Confidence: Confidence counters are used to track the preferred binary decision. Finality: When a binary decision reaches a certain confidence level, it becomes final. 3. Avalanche Protocol: DAG Structure: Uses a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure to organize transactions, allowing for parallel processing and higher throughput. Transaction Ordering: Transactions are added to the DAG based on their dependencies, ensuring a consistent order. Consensus on DAG: While most Proof-of-Stake Protocols use a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus, Avalanche uses the Avalanche Consensus, Validators reach consensus on the structure and contents of the DAG through repeated Snowball and Snowflake. The Bitcoin blockchain network uses a consensus mechanism called Proof of Work (PoW) to achieve distributed consensus among its nodes. Here's a detailed breakdown of how it works: Core Concepts 1. Nodes and Miners: Nodes: Nodes are computers running the Bitcoin software that participate in the network by validating transactions and blocks. Miners: Special nodes, called miners, perform the work of creating new blocks by solving complex cryptographic puzzles. 2. Blockchain: The blockchain is a public ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions in a series of blocks. Each block contains a list of transactions, a reference to the previous block (hash), a timestamp, and a nonce (a random number used once). 3. Hash Functions: Bitcoin uses the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function to secure the data in blocks. A hash function takes input data and produces a fixed-size string of characters, which appears random. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Validation: Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by miners into a block. Each transaction must be validated by nodes to ensure it follows the network's rules, such as correct signatures and sufficient funds. 2. Mining and Block Creation: Nonce and Hash Puzzle: Miners compete to find a nonce that, when combined with the block's data and passed through the SHA-256 hash function, produces a hash that is less than a target value. This target value is adjusted periodically to ensure that blocks are mined approximately every 10 minutes. Proof of Work: The process of finding this nonce is computationally intensive and requires significant energy and resources. Once a miner finds a valid nonce, they broadcast the newly mined block to the network. 3. Block Validation and Addition: Other nodes in the network verify the new block to ensure the hash is correct and that all transactions within the block are valid. If the block is valid, nodes add it to their copy of the blockchain and the process starts again with the next block. 4. Chain Consensus: The longest chain (the chain with the most accumulated proof of work) is considered the valid chain by the network. Nodes always work to extend the longest valid chain. In the case of multiple valid chains (forks), the network will eventually resolve the fork by continuing to mine and extending one chain until it becomes longer. For the calculation of the corresponding indicators, the additional energy consumption and the transactions of the Lightning Network have also been taken into account, as this reflects the categorization of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation for the respective functionally fungible group (“FFG”) relevant for this reporting. If one would exclude these transactions, the respective estimations regarding the “per transaction” count would be substantially higher. The Bitcoin Cash blockchain network uses a consensus mechanism called Proof of Work (PoW) to achieve distributed consensus among its nodes. It originated from the Bitcoin blockchain, hence has the same consensus mechanisms but with a larger block size, which makes it more centralized. Core Concepts 1. Nodes and Miners: - Nodes: Nodes are computers running the Bitcoin Cash software that participate in the network by validating transactions and blocks. - Miners: Special nodes, called miners, perform the work of creating new blocks by solving complex cryptographic puzzles. 2. Blockchain: - The blockchain is a public ledger that records all Bitcoin Cash transactions in a series of blocks. Each block contains a list of transactions, a reference to the previous block (hash), a timestamp, and a nonce (a random number used once). 3. Hash Functions: - Bitcoin Cash uses the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function to secure the data in blocks. A hash function takes input data and produces a fixed-size string of characters, which appears random. Consensus Process 5. Transaction Validation: - Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by miners into a block. Each transaction must be validated by nodes to ensure it follows the network's rules, such as correct signatures and sufficient funds. 6. Mining and Block Creation: - Nonce and Hash Puzzle: Miners compete to find a nonce that, when combined with the block's data and passed through the SHA-256 hash function, produces a hash that is less than a target value. This target value is adjusted periodically to ensure that blocks are mined approximately every 10 minutes. - Proof of Work: The process of finding this nonce is computationally intensive and requires significant energy and resources. Once a miner finds a valid nonce, they broadcast the newly mined block to the network. 7. Block Validation and Addition: - Other nodes in the network verify the new block to ensure the hash is correct and that all transactions within the block are valid. - If the block is valid, nodes add it to their copy of the blockchain and the process starts again with the next block. 8. Chain Consensus: - The longest chain (the chain with the most accumulated proof of work) is considered the valid chain by the network. Nodes always work to extend the longest valid chain. - In the case of multiple valid chains (forks), the network will eventually resolve the fork by continuing to mine and extending one chain until it becomes longer. The Liquid Network is a Layer 2 solution on Bitcoin designed for fast, confidential transactions and asset issuance, secured by a federated model called Strong Federations. Instead of using Bitcoin’s Proof of Work, the Liquid Network relies on trusted functionaries for consensus. Core Components: 1. Federated Model: Trusted Functionaries: The Liquid Network is secured by a group of trusted entities, such as exchanges and financial institutions, called functionaries. This model provides faster transaction speeds by limiting consensus to a small, trusted group. 2. Role of Functionaries: Block Signers: Functionaries are responsible for validating transactions and creating blocks. Blocks are confirmed when two-thirds of functionaries sign, ensuring secure and quick consensus. Watchmen: Functionaries responsible for overseeing the peg-in and peg-out process between Bitcoin and the Liquid Network, ensuring that Liquid Bitcoin (L-BTC) is always backed by real Bitcoin. 3. Block Creation and Validation: Regular Block Intervals: Blocks are produced every minute without mining, relying on multi-signature validation by block signers. Multi-Signature Approval: At least two-thirds of block signers must validate and sign each block, preventing any single entity from controlling block production. 4. Peg-in and Peg-out Mechanism: Peg-in Process: Users move Bitcoin onto the Liquid Network by sending it to a multi-signature address. In return, an equivalent amount of L-BTC is issued. Peg-out Process: To move Bitcoin back to the Bitcoin blockchain, users initiate a peg-out, where Watchmen release the corresponding Bitcoin. 5. Confidential Transactions: Privacy with Confidential Transactions (CT): Liquid uses CT to hide transaction amounts, ensuring privacy while allowing functionaries to verify transaction validity. This feature is essential for financial institutions and users who require privacy. The EOS blockchain operates on a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, designed to provide high transaction throughput and low latency. Core Components of EOS Consensus: Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) with Block Producers (BPs) Voting for Block Producers: EOS token holders vote to select 21 block producers (BPs) who validate transactions and produce blocks. This voting process is continuous, with token holders able to reallocate their votes at any time, ensuring the active block producers are consistently those with the most community support. Active Rotation: The top 21 BPs are rotated regularly to maintain a decentralized and representative set of validators, helping secure the network while giving all selected BPs equal opportunities for block production. Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) in DPoS EOS incorporates BFT principles within its DPoS consensus to finalize blocks with a high degree of security. Transactions gain irreversibility once approved by a majority of block producers, providing faster finality and reducing the risk of forks or double-spending attacks. High Throughput and Block Production Block Time: EOS block producers create blocks in 0.5-second intervals, facilitating a rapid transaction processing rate. If a block producer misses their turn, the system immediately switches to the next producer, keeping network latency minimal. The Ethereum network uses a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism to validate new transactions on the blockchain. Core Components 1. Validators: Validators are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To become a validator, a user must deposit (stake) 32 ETH into a smart contract. This stake acts as collateral and can be slashed if the validator behaves dishonestly. 2. Beacon Chain: The Beacon Chain is the backbone of Ethereum 2.0. It coordinates the network of validators and manages the consensus protocol. It is responsible for creating new blocks, organizing validators into committees, and implementing the finality of blocks. Consensus Process 1. Block Proposal: Validators are chosen randomly to propose new blocks. This selection is based on a weighted random function (WRF), where the weight is determined by the amount of ETH staked. 2. Attestation: Validators not proposing a block participate in attestation. They attest to the validity of the proposed block by voting for it. Attestations are then aggregated to form a single proof of the block’s validity. 3. Committees: Validators are organized into committees to streamline the validation process. Each committee is responsible for validating blocks within a specific shard or the Beacon Chain itself. This ensures decentralization and security, as a smaller group of validators can quickly reach consensus. 4. Finality: Ethereum 2.0 uses a mechanism called Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve finality. Finality means that a block and its transactions are considered irreversible and confirmed. Validators vote on the finality of blocks, and once a supermajority is reached, the block is finalized. 5. Incentives and Penalties: Validators earn rewards for participating in the network, including proposing blocks and attesting to their validity. Conversely, validators can be penalized (slashed) for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or being offline for extended periods. This ensures honest participation and network security. The NEAR Protocol uses a unique consensus mechanism combining Proof of Stake (PoS) and a novel approach called Doomslug, which enables high efficiency, fast transaction processing, and secure finality in its operations. Here's an overview of how it works: Core Concepts 1. Doomslug and Proof of Stake: - NEAR's consensus mechanism primarily revolves around PoS, where validators stake NEAR tokens to participate in securing the network. However, NEAR's implementation is enhanced with the Doomslug protocol. - Doomslug allows the network to achieve fast block finality by requiring blocks to be confirmed in two stages. Validators propose blocks in the first step, and finalization occurs when two-thirds of validators approve the block, ensuring rapid transaction confirmation. 2. Sharding with Nightshade: - NEAR uses a dynamic sharding technique called Nightshade. This method splits the network into multiple shards, enabling parallel processing of transactions across the network, thus significantly increasing throughput. Each shard processes a portion of transactions, and the outcomes are merged into a single "snapshot" block. - This sharding approach ensures scalability, allowing the network to grow and handle increasing demand efficiently. Consensus Process 1. Validator Selection: - Validators are selected to propose and validate blocks based on the amount of NEAR tokens staked. This selection process is designed to ensure that only validators with significant stakes and community trust participate in securing the network. 2. Transaction Finality: - NEAR achieves transaction finality through its PoS-based system, where validators vote on blocks. Once two-thirds of validators approve a block, it reaches finality under Doomslug, meaning that no forks can alter the confirmed state. 3. Epochs and Rotation: - Validators are rotated in epochs to ensure fairness and decentralization. Epochs are intervals in which validators are reshuffled, and new block proposers are selected, ensuring a balance between performance and decentralization. Polygon, formerly known as Matic Network, is a Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that employs a hybrid consensus mechanism. Here’s a detailed explanation of how Polygon achieves consensus: Core Concepts 1. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators on the Polygon network are selected based on the number of MATIC tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their MATIC tokens to validators. Delegators share in the rewards earned by validators. 2. Plasma Chains: Off-Chain Scaling: Plasma is a framework for creating child chains that operate alongside the main Ethereum chain. These child chains can process transactions off-chain and submit only the final state to the Ethereum main chain, significantly increasing throughput and reducing congestion. Fraud Proofs: Plasma uses a fraud-proof mechanism to ensure the security of off-chain transactions. If a fraudulent transaction is detected, it can be challenged and reverted. Consensus Process 3. Transaction Validation: Transactions are first validated by validators who have staked MATIC tokens. These validators confirm the validity of transactions and include them in blocks. 4. Block Production: Proposing and Voting: Validators propose new blocks based on their staked tokens and participate in a voting process to reach consensus on the next block. The block with the majority of votes is added to the blockchain. Checkpointing: Polygon uses periodic checkpointing, where snapshots of the Polygon sidechain are submitted to the Ethereum main chain. This process ensures the security and finality of transactions on the Polygon network. 5. Plasma Framework: Child Chains: Transactions can be processed on child chains created using the Plasma framework. These transactions are validated off-chain and only the final state is submitted to the Ethereum main chain. Fraud Proofs: If a fraudulent transaction occurs, it can be challenged within a certain period using fraud proofs. This mechanism ensures the integrity of off-chain transactions. Security and Economic Incentives 6. Incentives for Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators earn rewards for staking MATIC tokens and participating in the consensus process. These rewards are distributed in MATIC tokens and are proportional to the amount staked and the performance of the validator. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users. This provides an additional financial incentive to maintain the network’s integrity and efficiency. 7. Delegation: Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a share of the rewards earned by the validators they delegate to. This encourages more token holders to participate in securing the network by choosing reliable validators. 8. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Solana uses a unique combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high throughput, low latency, and robust security. Here’s a detailed explanation of how these mechanisms work: Core Concepts 1. Proof of History (PoH): Time-Stamped Transactions: PoH is a cryptographic technique that timestamps transactions, creating a historical record that proves that an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. Verifiable Delay Function: PoH uses a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) to generate a unique hash that includes the transaction and the time it was processed. This sequence of hashes provides a verifiable order of events, enabling the network to efficiently agree on the sequence of transactions. 2. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators are chosen to produce new blocks based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, earning rewards proportional to their stake while enhancing the network's security. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Validation: Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by validators. Each transaction is validated to ensure it meets the network’s criteria, such as having correct signatures and sufficient funds. 2. PoH Sequence Generation: A validator generates a sequence of hashes using PoH, each containing a timestamp and the previous hash. This process creates a historical record of transactions, establishing a cryptographic clock for the network. 3. Block Production: The network uses PoS to select a leader validator based on their stake. The leader is responsible for bundling the validated transactions into a block. The leader validator uses the PoH sequence to order transactions within the block, ensuring that all transactions are processed in the correct order. 4. Consensus and Finalization: Other validators verify the block produced by the leader validator. They check the correctness of the PoH sequence and validate the transactions within the block. Once the block is verified, it is added to the blockchain. Validators sign off on the block, and it is considered finalized. Security and Economic Incentives 1. Incentives for Validators: Block Rewards: Validators earn rewards for producing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed in SOL tokens and are proportional to the validator’s stake and performance. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn transaction fees from the transactions included in the blocks they produce. These fees provide an additional incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently. 2. Security: Staking: Validators must stake SOL tokens to participate in the consensus process. This staking acts as collateral, incentivizing validators to act honestly. If a validator behaves maliciously or fails to perform, they risk losing their staked tokens. Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, enhancing network security and decentralization. Delegators share in the rewards and are incentivized to choose reliable validators. 3. Economic Penalties: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or producing invalid blocks. This penalty, known as slashing, results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, discouraging dishonest actions. Statemine is a parachain on the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems designed for managing assets and tokens. It uses Polkadot’s shared security model, relying on the Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism provided by the Polkadot relay chain. In NPoS, validators are elected by nominators who stake their tokens to back trustworthy validators. These validators then secure the network by validating transactions and producing blocks. Statemine inherits this consensus mechanism from the relay chain, ensuring both scalability and security without requiring its own independent set of validators. Statemint is a common-good parachain on the Polkadot and Kusama networks, designed to handle asset management and issuance efficiently while leveraging Polkadot's shared security model. Core Components: Relay Chain Integration: Statemint inherits its consensus mechanism from the Polkadot Relay Chain, which operates on a Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS) model. This model ensures robust security and decentralization by relying on validators and nominators. Shared Security: As a parachain, Statemint utilizes the Polkadot Relay Chain’s validators for block validation, ensuring high security and interoperability without requiring independent validators. Collator Nodes: Statemint employs collator nodes to aggregate transactions into blocks and submit them to the Relay Chain validators for finalization. Collators do not participate in consensus directly but play a key role in transaction processing. Immediate Finality: The underlying Polkadot consensus mechanism ensures instant finality using the GRANDPA (GHOST-based Recursive Ancestor Deriving Prefix Agreement) protocol, which provides secure and efficient transaction confirmation. Tezos operates on a Liquid Proof of Stake (LPoS) consensus mechanism, which combines flexibility in staking participation with an on-chain governance model. Core Components: Liquid Proof of Stake (LPoS) Tezos allows token holders to participate in staking by either directly staking their tokens or delegating them to a validator (known as a baker) without transferring ownership. Validators (bakers) are responsible for creating new blocks (baking) and endorsing other blocks for validation. Bakers and Endorsers Bakers are selected based on the amount of XTZ (Tezos tokens) staked or delegated to them. The more XTZ staked, the higher the probability of being chosen to bake or endorse blocks. Endorsers are randomly selected from a pool of bakers to validate and approve blocks baked by other bakers. This additional validation enhances network security. Self-Amendment and Governance Tezos’s unique governance model allows token holders to propose, vote on, and implement network upgrades without requiring hard forks. This self-amendment protocol enables Tezos to evolve based on community and developer input, making it highly adaptable and flexible. The Tron blockchain operates on a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, designed to improve scalability, transaction speed, and energy efficiency. Here's a breakdown of how it works: 1. Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Tron uses DPoS, where token holders vote for a group of delegates known as Super Representatives (SRs)who are responsible for validating transactions and producing new blocks on the network. Token holders can vote for SRs based on their stake in the Tron network, and the top 27 SRs (or more, depending on the protocol version) are selected to participate in the block production process. SRs take turns producing blocks, which are added to the blockchain. This is done on a rotational basis to ensure decentralization and prevent control by a small group of validators. 2. Block Production: The Super Representatives generate new blocks and confirm transactions. The Tron blockchain achieves block finality quickly, with block production occurring every 3 seconds, making it highly efficient and capable of processing thousands of transactions per second. 3. Voting and Governance: Tron’s DPoS system also allows token holders to vote on important network decisions, such as protocol upgrades and changes to the system’s parameters. Voting power is proportional to the amount of TRX (Tron’s native token) that a user holds and chooses to stake. This provides a governance system where the community can actively participate in decision-making. 4. Super Representatives: The Super Representatives play a crucial role in maintaining the security and stability of the Tron blockchain. They are responsible for validating transactions, proposing new blocks, and ensuring the overall functionality of the network. Super Representatives are incentivized with block rewards (newly minted TRX tokens) and transaction feesfor their work.
奖励机制与相应费用
USD Tether is present on the following networks: algorand, avalanche, bitcoin, bitcoin_cash, bitcoin_liquid, eos, ethereum, near_protocol, polygon, solana, statemine, statemint, tezos, tron. Algorand's consensus mechanism, Pure Proof-of-Stake (PPoS), relies on the participation of token holders (stakers) to ensure the network's security and integrity: 1. Participation Rewards: o Staking Rewards: Users who participate in the consensus protocol by staking their ALGO tokens earn rewards. These rewards are distributed periodically and are proportional to the amount of ALGO staked. This incentivizes users to hold and stake their tokens, contributing to network security and stability. o Node Participation Rewards: Validators, also known as participation nodes, are responsible for proposing and voting on blocks. These nodes receive additional rewards for their active role in maintaining the network. 2. Transaction Fees: o Flat Fee Model: Algorand employs a flat fee model for transactions, which ensures predictability and simplicity. The standard transaction fee on Algorand is very low (around 0.001 ALGO per transaction). These fees are paid by users to have their transactions processed and included in a block. o Fee Redistribution: Collected transaction fees are redistributed to participants in the network. This includes stakers and validators, further incentivizing their participation and ensuring continuous network operation. 3. Economic Security: o Token Locking: To participate in the consensus mechanism, users must lock up their ALGO tokens. This economic stake acts as a security deposit that can be slashed (forfeited) if the participant acts maliciously. The potential loss of staked tokens discourages dishonest behavior and helps maintain network integrity. Fees on the Algorand Blockchain 1. Transaction Fees: o Algorand uses a flat transaction fee model. The current standard fee is 0.001 ALGO per transaction. This fee is minimal compared to other blockchain networks, ensuring affordability and accessibility. 2. Smart Contract Execution Fees: o Fees for executing smart contracts on Algorand are also designed to be low. These fees are based on the computational resources required to execute the contract, ensuring that users are only charged for the actual resources they consume. 3. Asset Creation Fees: o Creating new assets (tokens) on the Algorand blockchain involves a small fee. This fee is necessary to prevent spam and ensure that only genuine assets are created and maintained on the network. Avalanche uses a consensus mechanism known as Avalanche Consensus, which relies on a combination of validators, staking, and a novel approach to consensus to ensure the network's security and integrity. Validators: Staking: Validators on the Avalanche network are required to stake AVAX tokens. The amount staked influences their probability of being selected to propose or validate new blocks. Rewards: Validators earn rewards for their participation in the consensus process. These rewards are proportional to the amount of AVAX staked and their uptime and performance in validating transactions. Delegation: Validators can also accept delegations from other token holders. Delegators share in the rewards based on the amount they delegate, which incentivizes smaller holders to participate indirectly in securing the network. 2. Economic Incentives: Block Rewards: Validators receive block rewards for proposing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed from the network’s inflationary issuance of AVAX tokens. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users. This includes fees for simple transactions, smart contract interactions, and the creation of new assets on the network. 3. Penalties: Slashing: Unlike some other PoS systems, Avalanche does not employ slashing (i.e., the confiscation of staked tokens) as a penalty for misbehavior. Instead, the network relies on the financial disincentive of lost future rewards for validators who are not consistently online or act maliciously. o Uptime Requirements: Validators must maintain a high level of uptime and correctly validate transactions to continue earning rewards. Poor performance or malicious actions result in missed rewards, providing a strong economic incentive to act honestly. Fees on the Avalanche Blockchain 1. Transaction Fees: Dynamic Fees: Transaction fees on Avalanche are dynamic, varying based on network demand and the complexity of the transactions. This ensures that fees remain fair and proportional to the network's usage. Fee Burning: A portion of the transaction fees is burned, permanently removing them from circulation. This deflationary mechanism helps to balance the inflation from block rewards and incentivizes token holders by potentially increasing the value of AVAX over time. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts are determined by the computational resources required. These fees ensure that the network remains efficient and that resources are used responsibly. 3. Asset Creation Fees: New Asset Creation: There are fees associated with creating new assets (tokens) on the Avalanche network. These fees help to prevent spam and ensure that only serious projects use the network's resources. The Bitcoin blockchain relies on a Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism to ensure the security and integrity of transactions. This mechanism involves economic incentives for miners and a fee structure that supports network sustainability: Incentive Mechanisms 1. Block Rewards: Newly Minted Bitcoins: Miners are incentivized by block rewards, which consist of newly created bitcoins awarded to the miner who successfully mines a new block. Initially, the block reward was 50 BTC, but it halves every 210,000 blocks (approx. every four years) in an event known as the "halving." Halving and Scarcity: The halving mechanism ensures that the total supply of Bitcoin is capped at 21 million, creating scarcity and potentially increasing value over time. 2. Transaction Fees: User Fees: Each transaction includes a fee paid by the user to incentivize miners to include their transaction in a block. These fees are crucial, especially as the block reward diminishes over time due to halving. Fee Market: Transaction fees are determined by the market, where users compete to have their transactions processed quickly. Higher fees typically result in faster inclusion in a block, especially during periods of high network congestion. For the calculation of the corresponding indicators, the additional energy consumption and the transactions of the Lightning Network have also been taken into account, as this reflects the categorization of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation for the respective functionally fungible group (“FFG”) relevant for this reporting. If one would exclude these transactions, the respective estimations regarding the “per transaction” count would be substantially higher. The Bitcoin Cash blockchain operates on a Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, with incentives and fee structures designed to support miners and the overall network's sustainability: Incentive Mechanism: 1. Block Rewards: o Newly Minted Bitcoins: Miners receive a block reward, which consists of newly created bitcoins for successfully mining a new block. Initially, the reward was 50 BCH, but it halves approximately every four years in an event known as the "halving." o Halving and Scarcity: The halving ensures that the total supply of Bitcoin Cash is capped at 21 million BCH, creating scarcity that could drive up value over time. 2. Transaction Fees: o User Fees: Each transaction includes a fee, paid by users, that incentivizes miners to include the transaction in a new block. This fee market becomes increasingly important as block rewards decrease over time due to the halving events. o Fee Market: Transaction fees are market-driven, with users competing to get their transactions included quickly. Higher fees lead to faster transaction processing, especially during periods of high network congestion. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: o Bitcoin Cash transactions require a small fee, paid in BCH, which is determined by the transaction's size and the network demand at the time. These fees are crucial for the continued operation of the network, particularly as block rewards decrease over time due to halvings. 2. Fee Structure During High Demand: o In times of high congestion, users may choose to increase their transaction fees to prioritize their transactions for faster processing. The fee structure ensures that miners are incentivized to prioritize higher-fee transactions. Liquid’s federated model incentivizes functionaries to maintain network security, with transaction fees as the primary source of income for network operations and validator rewards. Incentive Mechanisms: 1. Transaction Fees: User-Paid Fees: Each transaction on the Liquid Network incurs a fee paid in L-BTC. These fees are awarded to functionaries (specifically block signers), providing an incentive to validate and maintain the network. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Minimal Transaction Costs: Fees on the Liquid Network are generally low, encouraging high-volume transactions. Confidential Transaction Costs: Confidential Transactions, while private, may incur slightly higher fees due to additional cryptographic processes. EOS incentivizes block producers to maintain the network and operates with unique staking and resource models to control transaction costs. Incentive Mechanisms: Block Producer Rewards Earning EOS Tokens: Block producers are rewarded in EOS tokens for validating transactions and producing blocks, providing the primary economic incentive for maintaining network operations and security. Voting Rewards for BPs Although not part of the core protocol, block producers often offer incentives to encourage token holders to vote for them. This encourages accountability, transparency, and performance, as EOS holders tend to favor reliable and engaged BPs. Applicable Fees and Resource Model: Fee-less Transactions for Users Resource Staking (CPU, NET): Rather than charging direct transaction fees, EOS allows users to perform fee-less transactions by staking EOS tokens for network resources like CPU and NET bandwidth, which are required for transaction processing. RAM for Storage: dApp developers purchase RAM for data storage on the EOS network. RAM prices are determined through a market-based system, where supply and demand influence cost. EOS EVM Gas Fees Dynamic Gas Model: For transactions on the EOS EVM, gas fees are dynamically calculated, based on transaction demand, similar to Ethereum’s gas model. These fees, paid in EOS tokens, enable Ethereum-compatible smart contracts to run on EOS, offering a familiar environment for EVM developers and users. EOS EVM Integration With EOS EVM, users and developers benefit from a familiar gas fee structure, allowing Ethereum-based applications to operate seamlessly on the EOS network while maintaining competitive costs. Ethereum, particularly after transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2), employs a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network. The incentives for validators and the fee structures play crucial roles in maintaining the security and efficiency of the blockchain. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators are essential to the PoS mechanism. They are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To participate, they must stake a minimum of 32 ETH. In return, they earn rewards for their contributions, which are paid out in ETH. These rewards are a combination of newly minted ETH and transaction fees from the blocks they validate. Reward Rate: The reward rate for validators is dynamic and depends on the total amount of ETH staked in the network. The more ETH staked, the lower the individual reward rate, and vice versa. This is designed to balance the network's security and the incentive to participate. 2. Transaction Fees: Base Fee: After the implementation of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559, the transaction fee model changed to include a base fee that is burned (i.e., removed from circulation). This base fee adjusts dynamically based on network demand, aiming to stabilize transaction fees and reduce volatility. Priority Fee (Tip): Users can also include a priority fee (tip) to incentivize validators to include their transactions more quickly. This fee goes directly to the validators, providing them with an additional incentive to process transactions efficiently. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Slashing: Validators face penalties (slashing) if they engage in malicious behavior, such as double-signing or validating incorrect information. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of their staked ETH, discouraging bad actors and ensuring that validators act in the network's best interest. Inactivity Penalties: Validators also face penalties for prolonged inactivity. This ensures that validators remain active and engaged in maintaining the network's security and operation. Fees Applicable on the Ethereum Blockchain 1. Gas Fees: Calculation: Gas fees are calculated based on the computational complexity of transactions and smart contract executions. Each operation on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) has an associated gas cost. Dynamic Adjustment: The base fee introduced by EIP-1559 dynamically adjusts according to network congestion. When demand for block space is high, the base fee increases, and when demand is low, it decreases. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Interaction: Deploying a smart contract on Ethereum involves paying gas fees proportional to the contract's complexity and size. Interacting with deployed smart contracts (e.g., executing functions, transferring tokens) also incurs gas fees. Optimizations: Developers are incentivized to optimize their smart contracts to minimize gas usage, making transactions more cost-effective for users. 3. Asset Transfer Fees: Token Transfers: Transferring ERC-20 or other token standards involves gas fees. These fees vary based on the token's contract implementation and the current network demand. NEAR Protocol employs several economic mechanisms to secure the network and incentivize participation: Incentive Mechanisms to Secure Transactions: 1. Staking Rewards: Validators and delegators secure the network by staking NEAR tokens. Validators earn around 5% annual inflation, with 90% of newly minted tokens distributed as staking rewards. Validators propose blocks, validate transactions, and receive a share of these rewards based on their staked tokens. Delegators earn rewards proportional to their delegation, encouraging broad participation. 2. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their NEAR tokens to validators to increase the validator's stake and improve the chances of being selected to validate transactions. Delegators share in the validator's rewards based on their delegated tokens, incentivizing users to support reliable validators. 3. Slashing and Economic Penalties: Validators face penalties for malicious behavior, such as failing to validate correctly or acting dishonestly. The slashing mechanism enforces security by deducting a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring validators follow the network's best interests. 4. Epoch Rotation and Validator Selection: Validators are rotated regularly during epochs to ensure fairness and prevent centralization. Each epoch reshuffles validators, allowing the protocol to balance decentralization with performance. Fees on the NEAR Blockchain: 1. Transaction Fees: Users pay fees in NEAR tokens for transaction processing, which are burned to reduce the total circulating supply, introducing a potential deflationary effect over time. Validators also receive a portion of transaction fees as additional rewards, providing an ongoing incentive for network maintenance. 2. Storage Fees: NEAR Protocol charges storage fees based on the amount of blockchain storage consumed by accounts, contracts, and data. This requires users to hold NEAR tokens as a deposit proportional to their storage usage, ensuring the efficient use of network resources. 3. Redistribution and Burning: A portion of the transaction fees (burned NEAR tokens) reduces the overall supply, while the rest is distributed to validators as compensation for their work. The burning mechanism helps maintain long-term economic sustainability and potential value appreciation for NEAR holders. 4. Reserve Requirement: Users must maintain a minimum account balance and reserves for data storage, encouraging efficient use of resources and preventing spam attacks. Polygon uses a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and the Plasma framework to ensure network security, incentivize participation, and maintain transaction integrity. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators on Polygon secure the network by staking MATIC tokens. They are selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks based on the number of tokens they have staked. Validators earn rewards in the form of newly minted MATIC tokens and transaction fees for their services. Block Production: Validators are responsible for proposing and voting on new blocks. The selected validator proposes a block, and other validators verify and validate it. Validators are incentivized to act honestly and efficiently to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Checkpointing: Validators periodically submit checkpoints to the Ethereum main chain, ensuring the security and finality of transactions processed on Polygon. This provides an additional layer of security by leveraging Ethereum's robustness. 2. Delegators: Delegation: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their MATIC tokens to trusted validators. Delegators earn a portion of the rewards earned by the validators, incentivizing them to choose reliable and performant validators. Shared Rewards: Rewards earned by validators are shared with delegators, based on the proportion of tokens delegated. This system encourages widespread participation and enhances the network's decentralization. 3. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized through a process called slashing if they engage in malicious behavior or fail to perform their duties correctly. This includes double-signing or going offline for extended periods. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, acting as a strong deterrent against dishonest actions. Bond Requirements: Validators are required to bond a significant amount of MATIC tokens to participate in the consensus process, ensuring they have a vested interest in maintaining network security and integrity. Fees on the Polygon Blockchain 4. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: One of Polygon's main advantages is its low transaction fees compared to the Ethereum main chain. The fees are paid in MATIC tokens and are designed to be affordable to encourage high transaction throughput and user adoption. Dynamic Fees: Fees on Polygon can vary depending on network congestion and transaction complexity. However, they remain significantly lower than those on Ethereum, making Polygon an attractive option for users and developers. 5. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Polygon incurs fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in MATIC tokens and are much lower than on Ethereum, making it cost-effective for developers to build and maintain decentralized applications (dApps) on Polygon. 6. Plasma Framework: State Transfers and Withdrawals: The Plasma framework allows for off-chain processing of transactions, which are periodically batched and committed to the Ethereum main chain. Fees associated with these processes are also paid in MATIC tokens, and they help reduce the overall cost of using the network. Solana uses a combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure its network and validate transactions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the incentive mechanisms and applicable fees: Incentive Mechanisms 4. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators are chosen based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. They earn rewards for producing and validating blocks, which are distributed in SOL. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Transaction Fees: Validators earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users for the transactions they include in the blocks. This provides an additional financial incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently and maintain the network's integrity. 5. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their SOL tokens to a validator. In return, delegators share in the rewards earned by the validators. This encourages widespread participation in securing the network and ensures decentralization. 6. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as producing invalid blocks or being frequently offline. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens. Slashing deters dishonest actions and ensures that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: By staking SOL tokens, validators and delegators lock up their tokens, which could otherwise be used or sold. This opportunity cost incentivizes participants to act honestly to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Fees Applicable on the Solana Blockchain 7. Transaction Fees: Low and Predictable Fees: Solana is designed to handle a high throughput of transactions, which helps keep fees low and predictable. The average transaction fee on Solana is significantly lower compared to other blockchains like Ethereum. Fee Structure: Fees are paid in SOL and are used to compensate validators for the resources they expend to process transactions. This includes computational power and network bandwidth. 8. Rent Fees: State Storage: Solana charges rent fees for storing data on the blockchain. These fees are designed to discourage inefficient use of state storage and encourage developers to clean up unused state. Rent fees help maintain the efficiency and performance of the network. 9. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Similar to transaction fees, fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Solana are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume. Statemine’s incentivization structure relies on the broader Polkadot ecosystem. Validators securing the relay chain receive staking rewards for their role in maintaining network integrity, funded through token inflation and transaction fees. While Statemine itself does not directly incentivize validators, users and developers benefit from the relay chain's rewards system. Transaction fees on Statemine are designed to be low and predictable, enabling cost-effective token management. These fees are paid in DOT or KSM, depending on the associated relay chain, and help compensate validators while preventing spam transactions. Additionally, Statemine supports fee customization through fee sponsorship, allowing third parties to cover transaction costs for specific users or dApps. Statemint is a common-good parachain on the Polkadot and Kusama networks, designed to enable efficient asset management while benefiting from Polkadot’s shared security and governance model. Incentive Mechanisms: Relay Chain Validators: Validators securing the Polkadot Relay Chain are indirectly incentivized through block rewards and transaction fees collected across all parachains, including Statemint. This ensures the stability and security of the network without requiring Statemint-specific rewards. Collator Compensation: Collator nodes aggregate transactions and produce blocks for Statemint. They may be compensated through external arrangements, such as subsidies or user-driven incentives, depending on governance decisions and usage patterns. Governance Participation: Polkadot (DOT) and Kusama (KSM) token holders influence Statemint’s operations, such as fee adjustments and protocol upgrades, through on-chain governance mechanisms. Applicable Fees: Transaction Fees: Users pay transaction fees in the native tokens of the Relay Chain, DOT for Polkadot or KSM for Kusama. These fees are distributed to Relay Chain validators to support the network's maintenance. Asset Creation and Transfer Fees: Fees apply for creating new assets and transferring them on the Statemint chain. These fees help prevent spam and ensure efficient use of network resources. Governance-Defined Fee Adjustments: The Statemint parachain's fees can be adjusted through governance proposals, enabling the community to adapt costs to network conditions. Tezos incentivizes network participation and security through baking rewards, transaction fees, and an inflationary reward model. Incentive Mechanisms: Rewards for Baking and Endorsing Bakers receive XTZ rewards for baking new blocks. Endorsers, who validate and approve blocks baked by others, are also rewarded in XTZ. These rewards encourage active participation and help secure the network. Delegation Incentives XTZ holders who do not wish to bake can delegate their tokens to a baker, earning a share of the baker’s rewards without directly participating. This delegation option broadens participation, making it accessible to more users, thereby enhancing overall network security. Security Deposit Requirement Bakers are required to post a bond (security deposit) in XTZ to bake blocks, which is held as collateral to prevent dishonest actions. If a baker acts maliciously, they risk forfeiting this bond, creating a disincentive for bad behavior and aligning bakers’ interests with network integrity. Applicable Fees: Transaction Fees Users pay transaction fees in XTZ for activities such as transferring funds and interacting with smart contracts. These fees are awarded to bakers and endorsers, providing them with an additional incentive to validate and secure the network. Inflationary Reward Model Tezos has an inflationary reward system, where new XTZ tokens are periodically created and distributed as rewards to bakers and endorsers. This model encourages continuous participation but gradually increases the XTZ supply, balancing network security and token availability over time. The Tron blockchain uses a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network and incentivize participation. Here's how the incentive mechanism and applicable fees work: Incentive Mechanism: 1. Super Representatives (SRs) Rewards: Block Rewards: Super Representatives (SRs), who are elected by TRX holders, are rewarded for producing blocks. Each block they produce comes with a block reward in the form of TRX tokens. Transaction Fees: In addition to block rewards, SRs receive transaction fees for validating transactions and including them in blocks. This ensures they are incentivized to process transactions efficiently. 2. Voting and Delegation: TRX Staking: TRX holders can stake their tokens and vote for Super Representatives (SRs). When TRX holders vote, they delegate their voting power to SRs, which allows SRs to earn rewards in the form of newly minted TRX tokens. Delegator Rewards: Token holders who delegate their votes to an SR can also receive a share of the rewards. This means delegators share in the block rewards and transaction fees that the SR earns. Incentivizing Participation: The more tokens a user stakes, the more voting power they have, which encourages participation in governance and network security. 3. Incentive for SRs: SRs are also incentivized to maintain the health and performance of the network. Their reputation and continued election depend on their ability to produce blocks consistently and efficiently process transactions. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Fee Calculation: Users must pay transaction fees to have their transactions processed. The transaction fee varies based on the complexity of the transaction and the network's current demand. This is paid in TRX tokens. Transaction Fee Distribution: Transaction fees are distributed to Super Representatives (SRs), giving them an ongoing income to maintain and support the network. 2. Storage Fees: Tron charges storage fees for data storage on the blockchain. This includes storing smart contracts, tokens, and other data on the network. Users are required to pay these fees in TRX tokens to store data. 3. Energy and Bandwidth: Energy: Tron uses a resource model that allows users to access network resources like bandwidth and energy through staking. Users who stake their TRX tokens receive "energy," which is required to execute transactions and interact with smart contracts. Bandwidth: Each user is allocated a certain amount of bandwidth based on their TRX holdings. If users exceed their allotted bandwidth, they can pay for additional bandwidth in TRX tokens.
信息披露时间段的开始日期
2024-04-01
信息披露时间段的结束日期
2025-04-01
能源报告
能源消耗
20949542.29008 (kWh/a)
可再生能源消耗
15.376611611 (%)
能源强度
0.00003 (kWh)
主要能源来源与评估体系
To determine the proportion of renewable energy usage, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from the European Environment Agency (EEA) and thus determined. The intensity is calculated as the marginal energy cost wrt. one more transaction.
能源消耗来源与评估体系
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) algorand, avalanche, bitcoin, bitcoin_cash, bitcoin_liquid, eos, ethereum, near_protocol, polygon, solana, statemine, statemint, tezos, tron is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
排放报告
DLT 温室气体排放范围一:可控排放
0.00000 (tCO2e/a)
DLT 温室气体排放范围二:外购排放
8275.11566 (tCO2e/a)
温室气体排放强度
0.00001 (kgCO2e)
主要温室气体来源与评估体系
To determine the proportion of renewable energy usage, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from the European Environment Agency (EEA) and thus determined. The intensity is calculated as the marginal emission wrt. one more transaction.
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