ORBS
ORBS

Cena Orbs

$0,019620
+$0,00084000
(+4,47%)
Zmiana ceny w ciągu ostatnich 24 godzin
USDUSD
Jak się dzisiaj czujesz w związku z ORBS?
Podziel się swoimi odczuciami tutaj, dając kciuk w górę, jeśli czujesz wzrost w związku z monetą, lub kciuk w dół, jeśli czujesz spadek.
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Informacje o rynku Orbs

Kapitalizacja rynkowa
Kapitalizacja rynkowa jest obliczana poprzez pomnożenie podaży w obiegu monety przez ostatnią cenę.
Kapitalizacja rynkowa = Podaż w obiegu × Ostatnia cena
Podaż w obiegu
Całkowita ilość monet publicznie dostępnych na rynku.
Ranking kapitalizacji rynkowej
Ranking monety pod względem wartości kapitalizacji rynkowej.
Najwyższa w historii
Najwyższa cena, jaką moneta osiągnęła w swojej historii transakcji.
Najniższa w historii
Najniższa cena, jaką moneta osiągnęła w swojej historii transakcji.
Kapitalizacja rynkowa
$89,65M
Podaż w obiegu
4 557 456 308 ORBS
45,57% z
10 000 000 000 ORBS
Ranking kapitalizacji rynkowej
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Audyty
CertiK
Ostatni audyt: 21 gru 2022
Najwyższa cena w ciągu 24 godz.
$0,019970
Najniższa cena w ciągu 24 godz.
$0,018380
Najwyższa w historii
$2,0800
-99,06% (-$2,0604)
Ostatnia aktualizacja: 21 mar 2022
Najniższa w historii
$0,0033000
+494,54% (+$0,016320)
Ostatnia aktualizacja: 25 lip 2019

Kalkulator ORBS

USDUSD
ORBSORBS

Wydajność ceny Orbs w USD

Obecna cena Orbs wynosi $0,019620. W ciągu ostatnich 24 godzin Orbs ma zwiększony przez +4,47%. Obecnie ma podaż w obiegu 4 557 456 308 ORBS i maksymalną podaż w wysokości 10 000 000 000 ORBS, co daje jej w pełni rozwodnioną kapitalizację rynkową w wysokości $89,65M. Obecnie moneta Orbs zajmuje 0 pozycję w rankingach kapitalizacji rynkowej. Cena Orbs/USD jest aktualizowana w czasie rzeczywistym.
Dzisiaj
+$0,00084000
+4,47%
7 dni
+$0,00077000
+4,08%
30 dni
-$0,00156
-7,37%
3 miesiące
-$0,00949
-32,61%

Informacje Orbs (ORBS)

3.9/5
Certik
3.9
03.04.2025
CyberScope
3.9
04.04.2025
Podana ocena jest zagregowaną oceną zebraną przez OKX z podanych źródeł i służy wyłącznie celom informacyjnym. OKX nie gwarantuje jakości ani dokładności ratingów. Nie ma on na celu zapewnienia (i) porady inwestycyjnej lub rekomendacji; (ii) oferty lub zachęty do kupna, sprzedaży lub posiadania aktywów cyfrowych; lub (iii) porady finansowej, księgowej, prawnej lub podatkowej. Aktywa cyfrowe, w tym stablecoiny i NFT, wiążą się z wysokim stopniem ryzyka, mogą podlegać znacznym wahaniom, a nawet stać się bezwartościowe. Cena i wydajność aktywów cyfrowych nie są gwarantowane i mogą ulec zmianie bez powiadomienia. Twoje aktywa cyfrowe nie są objęte ubezpieczeniem od potencjalnych strat. Historyczne zwroty nie wskazują na przyszłe zwroty. OKX nie gwarantuje żadnego zwrotu, spłaty kapitału ani odsetek. OKX nie udziela rekomendacji dotyczących inwestycji lub aktywów. Dokładnie rozważ, czy handel lub posiadanie aktywów cyfrowych jest dla Ciebie odpowiednie w świetle Twojej sytuacji finansowej. W przypadku pytań dotyczących konkretnej sytuacji należy skonsultować się ze specjalistą ds. prawnych/podatkowych/inwestycyjnych.
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  • Oficjalna strona internetowa
  • Biała księga
  • Eksplorator bloków
  • Informacje o stronach internetowych stron trzecich
    Informacje o stronach internetowych stron trzecich
    Korzystając z witryny internetowej strony trzeciej („TPW”), użytkownik akceptuje fakt, że wszelkie korzystanie z TPW podlega warunkom TPW i jest regulowane przez te warunki. O ile nie zostało to wyraźnie określone na piśmie, OKX i jej podmioty stowarzyszone („OKX”) nie jest w żaden sposób powiązana z właścicielem lub operatorem TPW. Użytkownik zgadza się, że OKX nie ponosi odpowiedzialności za jakiekolwiek straty, szkody i inne konsekwencje wynikające z korzystania z TPW. Należy pamiętać, że korzystanie z TPW może spowodować utratę lub zmniejszenie aktywów.

Orbs (ORBS) to otwarty, zdecentralizowany publiczny blockchain działający w sieci bez zezwoleń z mechanizmem konsensusu Proof of Stake (PoS). Platforma ułatwia interoperacyjność poprzez obsługę dwóch podstawowych sieci warstwy 1: Ethereum Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) i The Open Network (TON).

Czym jest Orbs?

Orbs, hybrydowy zdecentralizowany blockchain, łączy w sobie zalety mechanizmu konsensusu PoS z unikalną infrastrukturą wirtualnego łańcucha. Ta mieszanka pomaga w tworzeniu kolejnej fali zdecentralizowanych aplikacji (dApps). Platforma oferuje zestawy programistyczne (SDK) zarówno dla klientów, jak i inteligentnych kontraktów, umożliwiając bezpieczny, wydajny i opłacalny rozwój. Jednocześnie, dzięki izolowanym wirtualnym łańcuchom, Orbs zapewnia, że zatory na jednym łańcuchu nie utrudniają działania innych.

Zespół Orbs

Zespół Orbs składa się z profesjonalistów z doświadczeniem w blockchain i kryptowalutach. Daniel Peled pełni funkcję prezesa Orbs, a także jest współzałożycielem i dyrektorem generalnym startupu fintech PayKey. W skład zespołu wchodzą również Tal Kol, współzałożyciel Appixia, która została przejęta przez Wix.com, Netta Korin, wcześniej bankier inwestycyjny na Wall Street oraz Uriel Paled, konsultant blockchain. Zespół współpracował z takimi przedsięwzięciami jak Polygon Labs w ramach swoich bieżących wysiłków na rzecz platformy. 

Jak działa Orbs?

Orbs ma trzy główne cechy: Wirtualne łańcuchy, losowy Proof of Stake i interoperacyjność międzyłańcuchową. Wirtualne łańcuchy działają na wspólnej infrastrukturze węzłów, zapewniając izolację między łańcuchami i zapobiegając zatorom. Unikalny model PoS platformy, znany jako Randomized Proof of Stake (RPoS), zapewnia bezpieczeństwo i skalowalność poprzez losowe wybieranie walidatorów z szerokiej puli i wykorzystywanie mniejszych komitetów do konsensusu. Wreszcie, dzięki inteligentnym kontraktom, Orbs oferuje pomost do Ethereum, umożliwiając użytkownikom korzystanie z możliwości Ethereum bez opuszczania środowiska Orbs.

Tokenomika ORBS

Maksymalna podaż wynosi 10 miliardów ORBS. ORBS jest wykorzystywany jako środek płatniczy na platformie, używany głównie do rozliczania opłat za wykonanie aplikacji. Co więcej, token ten odgrywa również kluczową rolę w wyborze walidatorów sieci publicznej w bezpieczny i zdecentralizowany sposób. 

Dystrybucja ORBS

Tokeny ORBS zostały rozdzielone w następujący sposób:

  • 55 procent na rezerwy długoterminowe.
  • 20 procent na sprzedaż prywatną.
  • 20 procent trafiło do zespołu i partnerów-założycieli.
  • 5 procent dla doradców projektu.
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Społeczności

Posty
Liczba postów wspominających o tokenie w ciągu ostatnich 24 godz. Może to pomóc ocenić poziom zainteresowania tym tokenem.
Współtwórcy
Liczba osób, które opublikowały posty na temat tokena w ciągu ostatnich 24 godz.. Większa liczba współpracowników może sugerować lepszą wydajność tokena.
Interakcje
Suma interakcji online o charakterze społecznościowym w ciągu ostatnich 24 godz., takich jak polubienia, komentarze i ponowne wpisy. Wysoki poziom zaangażowania może wskazywać na duże zainteresowanie tokenem.
Sentyment
Wynik procentowy odzwierciedlający nastroje po wpisie w ciągu ostatnich 24 godz. Wysoki wynik procentowy koreluje z pozytywnymi nastrojami i może wskazywać na poprawę wyników rynkowych.
Ranga wolumenu
Wolumen odnosi się do wolumena postów w ciągu ostatnich 24 godz. Wyższy wolumen w rankingu odzwierciedla uprzywilejowaną pozycję tokena w stosunku do innych tokenów.
W ciągu ostatnich 24 godzin pojawiły się nowe wpisy (1,7 tys.) na temat Orbs, stworzonych przez 1,3 tys. użytkowników, a całkowite zaangażowanie online osiągnęło 635 tys. interakcji społecznościowych. Wskaźnik sentymentu dla Orbs wynosi obecnie 70%. W porównaniu ze wszystkimi kryptowalutami, wolumen wpisów dla Orbs zajmuje obecnie 0 miejsce. Śledź zmiany wskaźników społecznościowych, ponieważ mogą być kluczowymi indykatorami wpływu i zasięgu Orbs.
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Posty
1679
Współtwórcy
1333
Interakcje
635 379
Sentyment
70%
Ranga wolumenu
#0

X

Posty
411
Interakcje
121 375
Sentyment
84%

Najczęściej zadawane pytania Orbs

Czym jest Orbs i dlaczego jest ważny?

Sieć Orbs pomaga deweloperom ulepszać możliwości zdecentralizowanych aplikacji (dApps) i budować rozwiązania na dużą skalę. Firmy mogą wykorzystać system chmury Orbs nadzorowany przez walidatory do zarządzania danymi klientów w zdecentralizowanej sieci publicznej. Dodatkowo, Orbs umożliwia interoperacyjność, zapewniając, że wdrażane kontrakty są kompatybilne z różnymi blockchainami.

Jakie są korzyści z posiadania ORBS?

Tokeny ORBS są niezbędne do przeprowadzania transakcji w sieci Orbs, szczególnie w przypadku zdecentralizowanych aplikacji. Co więcej, posiadacze ORBS mają możliwość pełnienia funkcji walidatorów i zdobywania nagród za zwiększanie bezpieczeństwa sieci.

Gdzie mogę kupić ORBS?

Tokeny ORBS można łatwo kupić na platformie kryptowalutowej OKX. Terminal handlu spot OKX obejmuje parę handlową ORBS/USDT.

Możesz również wymienić swoje istniejące kryptowaluty, w tym XRP (XRP), Cardano (ADA), Solana (SOL), i Chainlink (LINK), na SAITAMA bez opłat i bez poślizgu cenowego za pomocą OKX Convert.

Ile jest wart dzisiaj 1 Orbs?
Obecnie jeden Orbs jest wart $0,019620. Aby uzyskać odpowiedzi i wgląd w akcję cenową Orbs, jesteś we właściwym miejscu. Przeglądaj najnowsze wykresy Orbs i handluj odpowiedzialnie z OKX.
Co to jest kryptowaluta?
Kryptowaluty, takie jak Orbs, to aktywa cyfrowe, które działają w publicznym rejestrze zwanym blockchainem. Dowiedz się więcej o monetach i tokenach oferowanych na OKX oraz ich różnych atrybutach, w tym o cenach na żywo i wykresach w czasie rzeczywistym.
Kiedy wynaleziono kryptowalutę?
Dzięki kryzysowi finansowemu z 2008 r. zainteresowanie zdecentralizowanymi finansami wzrosło. Bitcoin oferował nowatorskie rozwiązanie, zapewniając bezpieczne aktywa cyfrowe w zdecentralizowanej sieci. Od tego czasu powstało również wiele innych tokenów, takich jak Orbs.
Czy cena Orbs pójdzie dzisiaj w górę?
Sprawdź nasze Strona z prognozą cen Orbs, aby prognozować przyszłe ceny i określić swoje cele cenowe.

Ujawnienie ESG

Przepisy ESG (środowiskowe, społeczne i ładu korporacyjnego) dla aktywów kryptowalutowych mają na celu uwzględnienie ich wpływu na środowisko (np. energochłonne kopanie), promowanie przejrzystości i zapewnienie etycznych praktyk zarządzania w celu dostosowania przemysłu kryptowalutowego do szerszego zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz celów społecznych. Przepisy te zachęcają do przestrzegania standardów, które ograniczają czynniki ryzyka i zwiększają zaufanie do aktywów cyfrowych.
Szczegóły aktywów
Nazwa
OKcoin Europe LTD
Identyfikator odpowiedniego podmiotu prawnego
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Nazwa aktywa krypto
Orbs
Mechanizm konsensusu
Orbs is present on the following networks: avalanche, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, harmony_one, polygon, solana. The Avalanche blockchain network employs a unique Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism called Avalanche Consensus, which involves three interconnected protocols: Snowball, Snowflake, and Avalanche. Avalanche Consensus Process 1. Snowball Protocol: o Random Sampling: Each validator randomly samples a small, constant-sized subset of other validators. Repeated Polling: Validators repeatedly poll the sampled validators to determine the preferred transaction. Confidence Counters: Validators maintain confidence counters for each transaction, incrementing them each time a sampled validator supports their preferred transaction. Decision Threshold: Once the confidence counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold, the transaction is considered accepted. 2. Snowflake Protocol: Binary Decision: Enhances the Snowball protocol by incorporating a binary decision process. Validators decide between two conflicting transactions. Binary Confidence: Confidence counters are used to track the preferred binary decision. Finality: When a binary decision reaches a certain confidence level, it becomes final. 3. Avalanche Protocol: DAG Structure: Uses a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure to organize transactions, allowing for parallel processing and higher throughput. Transaction Ordering: Transactions are added to the DAG based on their dependencies, ensuring a consistent order. Consensus on DAG: While most Proof-of-Stake Protocols use a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus, Avalanche uses the Avalanche Consensus, Validators reach consensus on the structure and contents of the DAG through repeated Snowball and Snowflake. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently. The Ethereum network uses a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism to validate new transactions on the blockchain. Core Components 1. Validators: Validators are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To become a validator, a user must deposit (stake) 32 ETH into a smart contract. This stake acts as collateral and can be slashed if the validator behaves dishonestly. 2. Beacon Chain: The Beacon Chain is the backbone of Ethereum 2.0. It coordinates the network of validators and manages the consensus protocol. It is responsible for creating new blocks, organizing validators into committees, and implementing the finality of blocks. Consensus Process 1. Block Proposal: Validators are chosen randomly to propose new blocks. This selection is based on a weighted random function (WRF), where the weight is determined by the amount of ETH staked. 2. Attestation: Validators not proposing a block participate in attestation. They attest to the validity of the proposed block by voting for it. Attestations are then aggregated to form a single proof of the block’s validity. 3. Committees: Validators are organized into committees to streamline the validation process. Each committee is responsible for validating blocks within a specific shard or the Beacon Chain itself. This ensures decentralization and security, as a smaller group of validators can quickly reach consensus. 4. Finality: Ethereum 2.0 uses a mechanism called Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve finality. Finality means that a block and its transactions are considered irreversible and confirmed. Validators vote on the finality of blocks, and once a supermajority is reached, the block is finalized. 5. Incentives and Penalties: Validators earn rewards for participating in the network, including proposing blocks and attesting to their validity. Conversely, validators can be penalized (slashed) for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or being offline for extended periods. This ensures honest participation and network security. Harmony operates on a consensus mechanism called Effective Proof of Stake (EPoS), designed to balance validator influence and enhance network security while improving transaction scalability. Core Components: 1. Effective Proof of Stake (EPoS): Validator Diversity: EPoS allows a large number of validators to participate and limits the influence of high-stake validators, promoting decentralization and preventing stake centralization. Staking Across Shards: Multiple validators compete within each shard, distributing staking power more broadly and enhancing network security. 2. Sharding with PBFT Finality: Parallel Transaction Processing: Harmony’s four shards enable independent processing of transactions and smart contracts, enhancing scalability and throughput. Fast Finality with PBFT: Each shard uses a modified Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) model, ensuring immediate finality once blocks are validated and achieving high transaction speeds. Polygon, formerly known as Matic Network, is a Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that employs a hybrid consensus mechanism. Here’s a detailed explanation of how Polygon achieves consensus: Core Concepts 1. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators on the Polygon network are selected based on the number of MATIC tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their MATIC tokens to validators. Delegators share in the rewards earned by validators. 2. Plasma Chains: Off-Chain Scaling: Plasma is a framework for creating child chains that operate alongside the main Ethereum chain. These child chains can process transactions off-chain and submit only the final state to the Ethereum main chain, significantly increasing throughput and reducing congestion. Fraud Proofs: Plasma uses a fraud-proof mechanism to ensure the security of off-chain transactions. If a fraudulent transaction is detected, it can be challenged and reverted. Consensus Process 3. Transaction Validation: Transactions are first validated by validators who have staked MATIC tokens. These validators confirm the validity of transactions and include them in blocks. 4. Block Production: Proposing and Voting: Validators propose new blocks based on their staked tokens and participate in a voting process to reach consensus on the next block. The block with the majority of votes is added to the blockchain. Checkpointing: Polygon uses periodic checkpointing, where snapshots of the Polygon sidechain are submitted to the Ethereum main chain. This process ensures the security and finality of transactions on the Polygon network. 5. Plasma Framework: Child Chains: Transactions can be processed on child chains created using the Plasma framework. These transactions are validated off-chain and only the final state is submitted to the Ethereum main chain. Fraud Proofs: If a fraudulent transaction occurs, it can be challenged within a certain period using fraud proofs. This mechanism ensures the integrity of off-chain transactions. Security and Economic Incentives 6. Incentives for Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators earn rewards for staking MATIC tokens and participating in the consensus process. These rewards are distributed in MATIC tokens and are proportional to the amount staked and the performance of the validator. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users. This provides an additional financial incentive to maintain the network’s integrity and efficiency. 7. Delegation: Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a share of the rewards earned by the validators they delegate to. This encourages more token holders to participate in securing the network by choosing reliable validators. 8. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Solana uses a unique combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high throughput, low latency, and robust security. Here’s a detailed explanation of how these mechanisms work: Core Concepts 1. Proof of History (PoH): Time-Stamped Transactions: PoH is a cryptographic technique that timestamps transactions, creating a historical record that proves that an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. Verifiable Delay Function: PoH uses a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) to generate a unique hash that includes the transaction and the time it was processed. This sequence of hashes provides a verifiable order of events, enabling the network to efficiently agree on the sequence of transactions. 2. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators are chosen to produce new blocks based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, earning rewards proportional to their stake while enhancing the network's security. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Validation: Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by validators. Each transaction is validated to ensure it meets the network’s criteria, such as having correct signatures and sufficient funds. 2. PoH Sequence Generation: A validator generates a sequence of hashes using PoH, each containing a timestamp and the previous hash. This process creates a historical record of transactions, establishing a cryptographic clock for the network. 3. Block Production: The network uses PoS to select a leader validator based on their stake. The leader is responsible for bundling the validated transactions into a block. The leader validator uses the PoH sequence to order transactions within the block, ensuring that all transactions are processed in the correct order. 4. Consensus and Finalization: Other validators verify the block produced by the leader validator. They check the correctness of the PoH sequence and validate the transactions within the block. Once the block is verified, it is added to the blockchain. Validators sign off on the block, and it is considered finalized. Security and Economic Incentives 1. Incentives for Validators: Block Rewards: Validators earn rewards for producing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed in SOL tokens and are proportional to the validator’s stake and performance. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn transaction fees from the transactions included in the blocks they produce. These fees provide an additional incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently. 2. Security: Staking: Validators must stake SOL tokens to participate in the consensus process. This staking acts as collateral, incentivizing validators to act honestly. If a validator behaves maliciously or fails to perform, they risk losing their staked tokens. Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, enhancing network security and decentralization. Delegators share in the rewards and are incentivized to choose reliable validators. 3. Economic Penalties: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or producing invalid blocks. This penalty, known as slashing, results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, discouraging dishonest actions.
Mechanizmy motywacyjne i obowiązujące opłaty
Orbs is present on the following networks: avalanche, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, harmony_one, polygon, solana. Avalanche uses a consensus mechanism known as Avalanche Consensus, which relies on a combination of validators, staking, and a novel approach to consensus to ensure the network's security and integrity. Validators: Staking: Validators on the Avalanche network are required to stake AVAX tokens. The amount staked influences their probability of being selected to propose or validate new blocks. Rewards: Validators earn rewards for their participation in the consensus process. These rewards are proportional to the amount of AVAX staked and their uptime and performance in validating transactions. Delegation: Validators can also accept delegations from other token holders. Delegators share in the rewards based on the amount they delegate, which incentivizes smaller holders to participate indirectly in securing the network. 2. Economic Incentives: Block Rewards: Validators receive block rewards for proposing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed from the network’s inflationary issuance of AVAX tokens. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users. This includes fees for simple transactions, smart contract interactions, and the creation of new assets on the network. 3. Penalties: Slashing: Unlike some other PoS systems, Avalanche does not employ slashing (i.e., the confiscation of staked tokens) as a penalty for misbehavior. Instead, the network relies on the financial disincentive of lost future rewards for validators who are not consistently online or act maliciously. o Uptime Requirements: Validators must maintain a high level of uptime and correctly validate transactions to continue earning rewards. Poor performance or malicious actions result in missed rewards, providing a strong economic incentive to act honestly. Fees on the Avalanche Blockchain 1. Transaction Fees: Dynamic Fees: Transaction fees on Avalanche are dynamic, varying based on network demand and the complexity of the transactions. This ensures that fees remain fair and proportional to the network's usage. Fee Burning: A portion of the transaction fees is burned, permanently removing them from circulation. This deflationary mechanism helps to balance the inflation from block rewards and incentivizes token holders by potentially increasing the value of AVAX over time. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts are determined by the computational resources required. These fees ensure that the network remains efficient and that resources are used responsibly. 3. Asset Creation Fees: New Asset Creation: There are fees associated with creating new assets (tokens) on the Avalanche network. These fees help to prevent spam and ensure that only serious projects use the network's resources. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform. Ethereum, particularly after transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2), employs a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network. The incentives for validators and the fee structures play crucial roles in maintaining the security and efficiency of the blockchain. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators are essential to the PoS mechanism. They are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To participate, they must stake a minimum of 32 ETH. In return, they earn rewards for their contributions, which are paid out in ETH. These rewards are a combination of newly minted ETH and transaction fees from the blocks they validate. Reward Rate: The reward rate for validators is dynamic and depends on the total amount of ETH staked in the network. The more ETH staked, the lower the individual reward rate, and vice versa. This is designed to balance the network's security and the incentive to participate. 2. Transaction Fees: Base Fee: After the implementation of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559, the transaction fee model changed to include a base fee that is burned (i.e., removed from circulation). This base fee adjusts dynamically based on network demand, aiming to stabilize transaction fees and reduce volatility. Priority Fee (Tip): Users can also include a priority fee (tip) to incentivize validators to include their transactions more quickly. This fee goes directly to the validators, providing them with an additional incentive to process transactions efficiently. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Slashing: Validators face penalties (slashing) if they engage in malicious behavior, such as double-signing or validating incorrect information. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of their staked ETH, discouraging bad actors and ensuring that validators act in the network's best interest. Inactivity Penalties: Validators also face penalties for prolonged inactivity. This ensures that validators remain active and engaged in maintaining the network's security and operation. Fees Applicable on the Ethereum Blockchain 1. Gas Fees: Calculation: Gas fees are calculated based on the computational complexity of transactions and smart contract executions. Each operation on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) has an associated gas cost. Dynamic Adjustment: The base fee introduced by EIP-1559 dynamically adjusts according to network congestion. When demand for block space is high, the base fee increases, and when demand is low, it decreases. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Interaction: Deploying a smart contract on Ethereum involves paying gas fees proportional to the contract's complexity and size. Interacting with deployed smart contracts (e.g., executing functions, transferring tokens) also incurs gas fees. Optimizations: Developers are incentivized to optimize their smart contracts to minimize gas usage, making transactions more cost-effective for users. 3. Asset Transfer Fees: Token Transfers: Transferring ERC-20 or other token standards involves gas fees. These fees vary based on the token's contract implementation and the current network demand. Harmony incentivizes validators and delegators to participate in network security and performance through staking rewards, transaction fees, and a unique reward structure promoting decentralization. Incentive Mechanisms: 1. Staking Rewards for Validators and Delegators: ONE Token Rewards: Validators earn ONE tokens for validating transactions and securing the network, with a share of these rewards distributed to delegators based on the amount staked. 2. Decentralization Penalty for High Stake: Reward Adjustment for Large Stakeholders: Validators with an excessive delegated stake experience reduced rewards, preventing centralization and encouraging a fair distribution of staking power. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Low-Cost Transactions in ONE: Harmony charges minimal transaction fees in ONE tokens, benefiting high-frequency applications and providing validators with additional rewards. Polygon uses a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and the Plasma framework to ensure network security, incentivize participation, and maintain transaction integrity. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators on Polygon secure the network by staking MATIC tokens. They are selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks based on the number of tokens they have staked. Validators earn rewards in the form of newly minted MATIC tokens and transaction fees for their services. Block Production: Validators are responsible for proposing and voting on new blocks. The selected validator proposes a block, and other validators verify and validate it. Validators are incentivized to act honestly and efficiently to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Checkpointing: Validators periodically submit checkpoints to the Ethereum main chain, ensuring the security and finality of transactions processed on Polygon. This provides an additional layer of security by leveraging Ethereum's robustness. 2. Delegators: Delegation: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their MATIC tokens to trusted validators. Delegators earn a portion of the rewards earned by the validators, incentivizing them to choose reliable and performant validators. Shared Rewards: Rewards earned by validators are shared with delegators, based on the proportion of tokens delegated. This system encourages widespread participation and enhances the network's decentralization. 3. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized through a process called slashing if they engage in malicious behavior or fail to perform their duties correctly. This includes double-signing or going offline for extended periods. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, acting as a strong deterrent against dishonest actions. Bond Requirements: Validators are required to bond a significant amount of MATIC tokens to participate in the consensus process, ensuring they have a vested interest in maintaining network security and integrity. Fees on the Polygon Blockchain 4. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: One of Polygon's main advantages is its low transaction fees compared to the Ethereum main chain. The fees are paid in MATIC tokens and are designed to be affordable to encourage high transaction throughput and user adoption. Dynamic Fees: Fees on Polygon can vary depending on network congestion and transaction complexity. However, they remain significantly lower than those on Ethereum, making Polygon an attractive option for users and developers. 5. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Polygon incurs fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in MATIC tokens and are much lower than on Ethereum, making it cost-effective for developers to build and maintain decentralized applications (dApps) on Polygon. 6. Plasma Framework: State Transfers and Withdrawals: The Plasma framework allows for off-chain processing of transactions, which are periodically batched and committed to the Ethereum main chain. Fees associated with these processes are also paid in MATIC tokens, and they help reduce the overall cost of using the network. Solana uses a combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure its network and validate transactions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the incentive mechanisms and applicable fees: Incentive Mechanisms 4. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators are chosen based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. They earn rewards for producing and validating blocks, which are distributed in SOL. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Transaction Fees: Validators earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users for the transactions they include in the blocks. This provides an additional financial incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently and maintain the network's integrity. 5. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their SOL tokens to a validator. In return, delegators share in the rewards earned by the validators. This encourages widespread participation in securing the network and ensures decentralization. 6. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as producing invalid blocks or being frequently offline. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens. Slashing deters dishonest actions and ensures that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: By staking SOL tokens, validators and delegators lock up their tokens, which could otherwise be used or sold. This opportunity cost incentivizes participants to act honestly to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Fees Applicable on the Solana Blockchain 7. Transaction Fees: Low and Predictable Fees: Solana is designed to handle a high throughput of transactions, which helps keep fees low and predictable. The average transaction fee on Solana is significantly lower compared to other blockchains like Ethereum. Fee Structure: Fees are paid in SOL and are used to compensate validators for the resources they expend to process transactions. This includes computational power and network bandwidth. 8. Rent Fees: State Storage: Solana charges rent fees for storing data on the blockchain. These fees are designed to discourage inefficient use of state storage and encourage developers to clean up unused state. Rent fees help maintain the efficiency and performance of the network. 9. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Similar to transaction fees, fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Solana are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume.
Początek okresu, którego dotyczy ujawnienie
2024-04-02
Koniec okresu, którego dotyczy ujawnienie
2025-04-02
Raport o energii
Zużycie energii
155.32334 (kWh/a)
Źródła zużycia energii i metodologie
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) avalanche, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, harmony_one, polygon, solana is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
Zastrzeżenie
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