WOO
WOO

Cours du WOO Network

$0,068470
-$0,00177
(-2,52 %)
Évolution du cours sur les dernières 24 heures
USDUSD
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Infos sur le marché du WOO Network

Cap. boursière
La cap. boursière est calculée en multipliant l’offre en circulation d’un jeton par son dernier cours.
Cap. boursière = offre en circulation × dernier cours
Approvisionnement en circulation
La quantité totale d’un jeton qui est accessible au public sur le marché.
Classement de cap. boursière
La position d’un jeton dans le classement par cap. boursière.
Sommet historique
Cours le plus élevé atteint par un jeton au cours de son historique de trading.
Minimum historique
Cours le plus bas atteint par un jeton au cours de son historique de trading.
Cap. boursière
$130,88M
Approvisionnement en circulation
1 915 405 216 WOO
86,45 % de
2 215 405 216 WOO
Classement de cap. boursière
--
Audits
CertiK
Dernier audit : --
Pic sur 24 h
$0,071130
Creux sur 24 h
$0,066140
Sommet historique
$1,2965
-94,72 % (-$1,2280)
Dernière mise à jour : 5 janv. 2022
Minimum historique
$0,066130
+3,53 % (+$0,0023400)
Dernière mise à jour : 3 avr. 2025

Calculateur WOO

USDUSD
WOOWOO

Prix WOO Network aujourd’hui en USD

Le cours de WOO Network est actuellement de $0,068470. Au cours des dernières 24 heures, la valeur WOO Network a a diminué de -2,52 %. Il a actuellement une offre en circulation de 1 915 405 216 WOO et une offre maximale de 2 215 405 216 WOO, ce qui lui donne une capitalisation boursière totalement diluée de $130,88M. Actuellement, le jeton WOO Network occupe la 0 position du classement par capitalisation boursière. Le cours WOO Network/USD est mis à jour en temps réel.
Aujourd'hui
-$0,00177
-2,52 %
7 jours
-$0,02347
-25,53 %
30 jours
-$0,02823
-29,20 %
3 mois
-$0,17523
-71,91 %

À propos du WOO Network (WOO)

3.0/5
TokenInsight
3.0
19/11/2022
La notation fournie correspond à une notation agrégée qui est collectée par OKX à partir des sources fournies. Elle n’est indiquée qu’à titre indicatif. OKX ne garantit ni la qualité ni l’exactitude des notations. Elle n’est pas destinée à dispenser (i) des conseils ou recommandations en matière d’investissement ; elle ne doit pas (ii) non plus être considérée comme une invitation à acheter, à vendre ni à détenir des actifs numériques, ni (iii) comme des conseils financiers, comptables, juridiques ou fiscaux. Les actifs numériques (dont les stablecoins et les NFT) présentent un niveau de risque élevé ; leur valeur peut varier considérablement, voire devenir nulle. Les prix et les performances des actifs numériques ne sont pas garantis et peuvent changer sans préavis. Vos actifs numériques ne sont pas couverts par une assurance contre les pertes potentielles. Les rendements historiques ne constituent pas un indicateur des rendements futurs. OKX ne garantit aucun rendement, ni le remboursement du capital et des intérêts. Évaluez attentivement votre situation financière pour déterminer si vous êtes en mesure de détenir des actifs numériques ou de réaliser des activités de trading. Demandez conseil auprès de votre expert juridique/fiscal/en investissement pour toute question portant sur votre propre situation.
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    À propos des sites Web tiers
    En utilisant le site web tiers (« SWT »), vous acceptez que toute utilisation du SWT soit sujette aux conditions du SWT et gouvernée par celles-ci. Sauf mention écrite expresse, OKX et ses affiliés (« OKX ») ne sont en aucun cas associés au propriétaire ni à l’opérateur du SWT. Vous acceptez le fait qu’OKX ne soit pas responsable des pertes, dommages ni de toutes autres conséquences découlant de votre utilisation du SWT. Veuillez noter que l’utilisation d’un SWT peut entraîner une perte ou une diminution de vos actifs.

WOO Network is a deep liquidity network that enables retail, institutional, and professional traders to execute large orders with the least slippage and near-zero fees. WOO is the name and ticker symbol of WOO Network's native utility and governance token.

WOO Network's ecosystem comprises Wootrade, WOOFi, WOO X, and WOO Ventures. Wootrade is a base-layer liquidity solution that provides deep liquidity to institutional clients, such as exchanges, via WOO Network's API. With Wootrade, exchanges can match their order book depth with top exchanges without paying high commissions. Wootrade also offers full cross-margin, competitive interest rates, and auto margin rebalancing.

WOOFi is a suite of open-source DeFi products deployed across multiple blockchains that has been audited by Certik and Verilog. A multi-chain decentralized exchange (DEX) with high-quality trade execution, a DeFi yield optimizer with set-and-forget vaults, and a WOO staking pool are among them. WOOFi employs a novel market-making algorithm, Synthetic Proactive Marketing Marking (sPMM), to facilitate crypto swaps at lower fees than traditional DEXs.

WOO X is a zero-fee cryptocurrency trading platform for professional and regular traders supported in more than 100 countries and is regulatory compliant. Finally, WOO Ventures, the investing division of WOO Network, gives WOO token owners 50 percent of all investment returns.

WOO Network has several use cases across its products. For example, WOO tokens can be used to vote on WOO Network governance proposals, earn staking yields, and receive a portion of swap fees on WOOFi.

Staking WOO tokens on WOO X entitles stakers to a share of tokens from WOO Ventures investments. Moreover, WOO tokens also provide yield farming opportunities on prominent DEXs such as Bancor, SushiSwap, Uniswap, PancakeSwap, QuickSwap, and SpookySwap.

WOO price and tokenomics

WOO has a hard-capped supply of 3 billion tokens. WOO network sold 10 percent of the tokens in their private and public sales. 10 percent was allocated to supporters, 20 percent to the Wootrade team, and 5 percent to advisors. These allocations have a linear vesting schedule of up to 3.5 years, which impacts WOO's price charts.

50 percent of the WOO supply was reserved to support the WOO project in activities like distributing ecosystem rewards (25 percent), providing insurance (10 percent), rewarding partners (10 percent), and supporting early-stage projects (5 percent). The remaining 5 percent was earmarked for liquidity management.

Every month, 50 percent of Wootrade's income is used to buy back WOO tokens to remove them from circulation. As of January 2021, 10,182,812 WOO tokens have been burned. Such periodic burns make WOO tokens deflationary, resulting in a positive impact on WOO's price.

About the founders

WOO Network was incubated by Kronos Research, a leading market maker with a $5-10 billion daily trading volume across global cryptocurrency exchanges.

The leadership team includes the co-founders of Kronos Research, Mark Pimentel (ex-Citadel), and Jack Tan (ex-Deutsche Bank). Pimentel worked in Citadel Investment Group's high-frequency trading unit, where he generated $892 million for the company in 2007.

WOO Network has 96 team members from top financial and education institutes, including Citadel, Deloitte, HSBC, MIT, CMU, and Citibank, to name a few.

WOO Network has raised $52 million from investors like Fenbushi Capital, BitMart, Three Arrows Capital, AscendEX, and ViaBTC Capital, among others.

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FAQ WOO Network

Qu’est-ce que WOO ?
WOO Network est un fournisseur de liquidités en cryptomonnaies qui offre une liquidité importante à des coûts inférieurs à zéro et avec un taux de glissement minimal. WOO est la dénomination et le symbole ticker du jeton utilitaire et de gouvernance natif de WOO Network.
Comment fonctionne WOO ?
Grâce à l’intégration de son API, WOO Network fournit une liquidité importante à ses clients institutionnels, tels que les plateformes d’échange de cryptomonnaies. Pour proposer des swaps de jetons décentralisés sur WOOFi, WOO Network s’appuie sur le pool de liquidité Synthetic Proactive Market Making (sPMM).
Le réseau WOOFi est-il sécurisé ?
Oui, CertiK, une plateforme de classement de sécurité de blockchains de premier plan, a audité l’intégralité des produits de WOOFi, y compris WOOFi Swap, Stake et Earn. En outre, WOOFi Swap est audité par la société de contrats intelligents Verilog.
WOO Network est-il une plateforme de cryptomonnaie réglementée ?
WOO Network prend la conformité réglementaire très au sérieux. Selon son rapport du deuxième trimestre 2022, WOO Network a obtenu des licences en tant que fournisseur de services d’actifs virtuels (VASP) et une immatriculation en Pologne, à Taïwan, dans quelques États membres de l’, ainsi que dans d’autres régions où la réglementation sur les crypto-actifs est favorable.
Où puis-je acheter du WOO ?

Vous pouvez acheter du WOO sur la plateforme d’échange OKX. OKX propose la paire de trading WOO/USDT.


Avant de commencer à négocier avec OKX, vous devez créer un compte. Ensuite, pour trader la paire WOO/USDT, cliquez sur « Basic Trading » (Trading de base) sous « Trade » dans la barre de navigation supérieure.


Si vous n’avez pas d’USDT, vous pouvez acheter des USDT avec votre monnaie fiduciaire préférée avant de les échanger contre des WOO sur le terminal de trading.


Vous pouvez aussi, en variante, consulter notre nouveau calculateur de cryptos OKX. Sélectionnez WOO et la monnaie fiduciaire que vous souhaitez convertir pour afficher le prix de conversion estimé en direct.

Combien vaut 1 WOO Network aujourd’hui ?
Actuellement, 1 WOO Network vaut $0,068470. Vous recherchez des informations sur les mouvements de prix du token WOO Network ? Vous êtes au bon endroit ! Découvrez les graphiques les plus récents sur le token WOO Network et tradez de manière responsable avec OKX.
Qu'est-ce que la cryptomonnaie ?
Les cryptomonnaies, telles que les WOO Network, sont des actifs numériques fonctionnant sur un registre public appelé blockchain. En savoir plus sur les jetons proposés sur OKX et leurs différents attributs, notamment le cours en direct et les graphiques en temps réel.
Quand la cryptomonnaie a-t-elle été inventée ?
En raison de la crise financière de 2008, l’intérêt porté à la finance décentralisée a explosé. Le Bitcoin offrait une solution novatrice en tant qu’actif numérique sécurisé sur un réseau décentralisé. De nombreux jetons tels que les WOO Network ont également été créés depuis lors.
Le cours du WOO Network va-t-il augmenter aujourd'hui ?
Consultez notre Page de prédiction des cours de WOO Network pour prévoir les cours à venir et déterminer vos objectifs de cours.

Déclaration ESG

Les réglementations ESG (approche environnementale, sociale et de gouvernance) relatives aux actifs crypto visent à réduire leur impact environnemental (par exemple : l'extraction minière à forte intensité énergétique), à promouvoir la transparence et à garantir des pratiques de gouvernance éthiques afin d'aligner le secteur des cryptos sur des objectifs plus larges en matière de durabilité et de société. Ces réglementations encouragent le respect de normes qui atténuent les risques et favorisent la confiance dans les actifs numériques.
Détails de l’actif
Nom
OKcoin Europe LTD
Identifiant de l’entité juridique concernée
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Nom de l’actif crypto
WOO Network
Mécanisme de consensus
WOO Network is present on the following networks: arbitrum, avalanche, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, near_protocol, polygon. Arbitrum is a Layer 2 solution on top of Ethereum that uses Optimistic Rollups to enhance scalability and reduce transaction costs. It assumes that transactions are valid by default and only verifies them if there's a challenge (optimistic): Core Components: • Sequencer: Orders transactions and creates batches for processing. • Bridge: Facilitates asset transfers between Arbitrum and Ethereum. • Fraud Proofs: Protect against invalid transactions through an interactive verification process. Verification Process: 1. Transaction Submission: Users submit transactions to the Arbitrum Sequencer, which orders and batches them. 2. State Commitment: These batches are submitted to Ethereum with a state commitment. 3. Challenge Period: Validators have a specific period to challenge the state if they suspect fraud. 4. Dispute Resolution: If a challenge occurs, the dispute is resolved through an iterative process to identify the fraudulent transaction. The final operation is executed on Ethereum to determine the correct state. 5. Rollback and Penalties: If fraud is proven, the state is rolled back, and the dishonest party is penalized. Security and Efficiency: The combination of the Sequencer, bridge, and interactive fraud proofs ensures that the system remains secure and efficient. By minimizing on-chain data and leveraging off-chain computations, Arbitrum can provide high throughput and low fees. The Avalanche blockchain network employs a unique Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism called Avalanche Consensus, which involves three interconnected protocols: Snowball, Snowflake, and Avalanche. Avalanche Consensus Process 1. Snowball Protocol: o Random Sampling: Each validator randomly samples a small, constant-sized subset of other validators. Repeated Polling: Validators repeatedly poll the sampled validators to determine the preferred transaction. Confidence Counters: Validators maintain confidence counters for each transaction, incrementing them each time a sampled validator supports their preferred transaction. Decision Threshold: Once the confidence counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold, the transaction is considered accepted. 2. Snowflake Protocol: Binary Decision: Enhances the Snowball protocol by incorporating a binary decision process. Validators decide between two conflicting transactions. Binary Confidence: Confidence counters are used to track the preferred binary decision. Finality: When a binary decision reaches a certain confidence level, it becomes final. 3. Avalanche Protocol: DAG Structure: Uses a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure to organize transactions, allowing for parallel processing and higher throughput. Transaction Ordering: Transactions are added to the DAG based on their dependencies, ensuring a consistent order. Consensus on DAG: While most Proof-of-Stake Protocols use a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus, Avalanche uses the Avalanche Consensus, Validators reach consensus on the structure and contents of the DAG through repeated Snowball and Snowflake. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently. The Ethereum network uses a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism to validate new transactions on the blockchain. Core Components 1. Validators: Validators are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To become a validator, a user must deposit (stake) 32 ETH into a smart contract. This stake acts as collateral and can be slashed if the validator behaves dishonestly. 2. Beacon Chain: The Beacon Chain is the backbone of Ethereum 2.0. It coordinates the network of validators and manages the consensus protocol. It is responsible for creating new blocks, organizing validators into committees, and implementing the finality of blocks. Consensus Process 1. Block Proposal: Validators are chosen randomly to propose new blocks. This selection is based on a weighted random function (WRF), where the weight is determined by the amount of ETH staked. 2. Attestation: Validators not proposing a block participate in attestation. They attest to the validity of the proposed block by voting for it. Attestations are then aggregated to form a single proof of the block’s validity. 3. Committees: Validators are organized into committees to streamline the validation process. Each committee is responsible for validating blocks within a specific shard or the Beacon Chain itself. This ensures decentralization and security, as a smaller group of validators can quickly reach consensus. 4. Finality: Ethereum 2.0 uses a mechanism called Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve finality. Finality means that a block and its transactions are considered irreversible and confirmed. Validators vote on the finality of blocks, and once a supermajority is reached, the block is finalized. 5. Incentives and Penalties: Validators earn rewards for participating in the network, including proposing blocks and attesting to their validity. Conversely, validators can be penalized (slashed) for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or being offline for extended periods. This ensures honest participation and network security. The NEAR Protocol uses a unique consensus mechanism combining Proof of Stake (PoS) and a novel approach called Doomslug, which enables high efficiency, fast transaction processing, and secure finality in its operations. Here's an overview of how it works: Core Concepts 1. Doomslug and Proof of Stake: - NEAR's consensus mechanism primarily revolves around PoS, where validators stake NEAR tokens to participate in securing the network. However, NEAR's implementation is enhanced with the Doomslug protocol. - Doomslug allows the network to achieve fast block finality by requiring blocks to be confirmed in two stages. Validators propose blocks in the first step, and finalization occurs when two-thirds of validators approve the block, ensuring rapid transaction confirmation. 2. Sharding with Nightshade: - NEAR uses a dynamic sharding technique called Nightshade. This method splits the network into multiple shards, enabling parallel processing of transactions across the network, thus significantly increasing throughput. Each shard processes a portion of transactions, and the outcomes are merged into a single "snapshot" block. - This sharding approach ensures scalability, allowing the network to grow and handle increasing demand efficiently. Consensus Process 1. Validator Selection: - Validators are selected to propose and validate blocks based on the amount of NEAR tokens staked. This selection process is designed to ensure that only validators with significant stakes and community trust participate in securing the network. 2. Transaction Finality: - NEAR achieves transaction finality through its PoS-based system, where validators vote on blocks. Once two-thirds of validators approve a block, it reaches finality under Doomslug, meaning that no forks can alter the confirmed state. 3. Epochs and Rotation: - Validators are rotated in epochs to ensure fairness and decentralization. Epochs are intervals in which validators are reshuffled, and new block proposers are selected, ensuring a balance between performance and decentralization. Polygon, formerly known as Matic Network, is a Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that employs a hybrid consensus mechanism. Here’s a detailed explanation of how Polygon achieves consensus: Core Concepts 1. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators on the Polygon network are selected based on the number of MATIC tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their MATIC tokens to validators. Delegators share in the rewards earned by validators. 2. Plasma Chains: Off-Chain Scaling: Plasma is a framework for creating child chains that operate alongside the main Ethereum chain. These child chains can process transactions off-chain and submit only the final state to the Ethereum main chain, significantly increasing throughput and reducing congestion. Fraud Proofs: Plasma uses a fraud-proof mechanism to ensure the security of off-chain transactions. If a fraudulent transaction is detected, it can be challenged and reverted. Consensus Process 3. Transaction Validation: Transactions are first validated by validators who have staked MATIC tokens. These validators confirm the validity of transactions and include them in blocks. 4. Block Production: Proposing and Voting: Validators propose new blocks based on their staked tokens and participate in a voting process to reach consensus on the next block. The block with the majority of votes is added to the blockchain. Checkpointing: Polygon uses periodic checkpointing, where snapshots of the Polygon sidechain are submitted to the Ethereum main chain. This process ensures the security and finality of transactions on the Polygon network. 5. Plasma Framework: Child Chains: Transactions can be processed on child chains created using the Plasma framework. These transactions are validated off-chain and only the final state is submitted to the Ethereum main chain. Fraud Proofs: If a fraudulent transaction occurs, it can be challenged within a certain period using fraud proofs. This mechanism ensures the integrity of off-chain transactions. Security and Economic Incentives 6. Incentives for Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators earn rewards for staking MATIC tokens and participating in the consensus process. These rewards are distributed in MATIC tokens and are proportional to the amount staked and the performance of the validator. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users. This provides an additional financial incentive to maintain the network’s integrity and efficiency. 7. Delegation: Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a share of the rewards earned by the validators they delegate to. This encourages more token holders to participate in securing the network by choosing reliable validators. 8. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network.
Mécanismes d’incitation et frais applicables
WOO Network is present on the following networks: arbitrum, avalanche, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, near_protocol, polygon. Arbitrum One, a Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum, employs several incentive mechanisms to ensure the security and integrity of transactions on its network. The key mechanisms include: 1. Validators and Sequencers: o Sequencers are responsible for ordering transactions and creating batches that are processed off-chain. They play a critical role in maintaining the efficiency and throughput of the network. o Validators monitor the sequencers' actions and ensure that transactions are processed correctly. Validators verify the state transitions and ensure that no invalid transactions are included in the batches. 2. Fraud Proofs: o Assumption of Validity: Transactions processed off-chain are assumed to be valid. This allows for quick transaction finality and high throughput. o Challenge Period: There is a predefined period during which anyone can challenge the validity of a transaction by submitting a fraud proof. This mechanism acts as a deterrent against malicious behavior. o Dispute Resolution: If a challenge is raised, an interactive verification process is initiated to pinpoint the exact step where fraud occurred. If the challenge is valid, the fraudulent transaction is reverted, and the dishonest actor is penalized. 3. Economic Incentives: o Rewards for Honest Behavior: Participants in the network, such as validators and sequencers, are incentivized through rewards for performing their duties honestly and efficiently. These rewards come from transaction fees and potentially other protocol incentives. o Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Participants who engage in dishonest behavior or submit invalid transactions are penalized. This can include slashing of staked tokens or other forms of economic penalties, which serve to discourage malicious actions. Fees on the Arbitrum One Blockchain 1. Transaction Fees: o Layer 2 Fees: Users pay fees for transactions processed on the Layer 2 network. These fees are typically lower than Ethereum mainnet fees due to the reduced computational load on the main chain. o Arbitrum Transaction Fee: A fee is charged for each transaction processed by the sequencer. This fee covers the cost of processing the transaction and ensuring its inclusion in a batch. 2. L1 Data Fees: o Posting Batches to Ethereum: Periodically, the state updates from the Layer 2 transactions are posted to the Ethereum mainnet as calldata. This involves a fee, known as the L1 data fee, which accounts for the gas required to publish these state updates on Ethereum. o Cost Sharing: Because transactions are batched, the fixed costs of posting state updates to Ethereum are spread across multiple transactions, making it more cost-effective for users. Avalanche uses a consensus mechanism known as Avalanche Consensus, which relies on a combination of validators, staking, and a novel approach to consensus to ensure the network's security and integrity. Validators: Staking: Validators on the Avalanche network are required to stake AVAX tokens. The amount staked influences their probability of being selected to propose or validate new blocks. Rewards: Validators earn rewards for their participation in the consensus process. These rewards are proportional to the amount of AVAX staked and their uptime and performance in validating transactions. Delegation: Validators can also accept delegations from other token holders. Delegators share in the rewards based on the amount they delegate, which incentivizes smaller holders to participate indirectly in securing the network. 2. Economic Incentives: Block Rewards: Validators receive block rewards for proposing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed from the network’s inflationary issuance of AVAX tokens. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users. This includes fees for simple transactions, smart contract interactions, and the creation of new assets on the network. 3. Penalties: Slashing: Unlike some other PoS systems, Avalanche does not employ slashing (i.e., the confiscation of staked tokens) as a penalty for misbehavior. Instead, the network relies on the financial disincentive of lost future rewards for validators who are not consistently online or act maliciously. o Uptime Requirements: Validators must maintain a high level of uptime and correctly validate transactions to continue earning rewards. Poor performance or malicious actions result in missed rewards, providing a strong economic incentive to act honestly. Fees on the Avalanche Blockchain 1. Transaction Fees: Dynamic Fees: Transaction fees on Avalanche are dynamic, varying based on network demand and the complexity of the transactions. This ensures that fees remain fair and proportional to the network's usage. Fee Burning: A portion of the transaction fees is burned, permanently removing them from circulation. This deflationary mechanism helps to balance the inflation from block rewards and incentivizes token holders by potentially increasing the value of AVAX over time. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts are determined by the computational resources required. These fees ensure that the network remains efficient and that resources are used responsibly. 3. Asset Creation Fees: New Asset Creation: There are fees associated with creating new assets (tokens) on the Avalanche network. These fees help to prevent spam and ensure that only serious projects use the network's resources. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform. Ethereum, particularly after transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2), employs a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network. The incentives for validators and the fee structures play crucial roles in maintaining the security and efficiency of the blockchain. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators are essential to the PoS mechanism. They are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To participate, they must stake a minimum of 32 ETH. In return, they earn rewards for their contributions, which are paid out in ETH. These rewards are a combination of newly minted ETH and transaction fees from the blocks they validate. Reward Rate: The reward rate for validators is dynamic and depends on the total amount of ETH staked in the network. The more ETH staked, the lower the individual reward rate, and vice versa. This is designed to balance the network's security and the incentive to participate. 2. Transaction Fees: Base Fee: After the implementation of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559, the transaction fee model changed to include a base fee that is burned (i.e., removed from circulation). This base fee adjusts dynamically based on network demand, aiming to stabilize transaction fees and reduce volatility. Priority Fee (Tip): Users can also include a priority fee (tip) to incentivize validators to include their transactions more quickly. This fee goes directly to the validators, providing them with an additional incentive to process transactions efficiently. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Slashing: Validators face penalties (slashing) if they engage in malicious behavior, such as double-signing or validating incorrect information. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of their staked ETH, discouraging bad actors and ensuring that validators act in the network's best interest. Inactivity Penalties: Validators also face penalties for prolonged inactivity. This ensures that validators remain active and engaged in maintaining the network's security and operation. Fees Applicable on the Ethereum Blockchain 1. Gas Fees: Calculation: Gas fees are calculated based on the computational complexity of transactions and smart contract executions. Each operation on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) has an associated gas cost. Dynamic Adjustment: The base fee introduced by EIP-1559 dynamically adjusts according to network congestion. When demand for block space is high, the base fee increases, and when demand is low, it decreases. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Interaction: Deploying a smart contract on Ethereum involves paying gas fees proportional to the contract's complexity and size. Interacting with deployed smart contracts (e.g., executing functions, transferring tokens) also incurs gas fees. Optimizations: Developers are incentivized to optimize their smart contracts to minimize gas usage, making transactions more cost-effective for users. 3. Asset Transfer Fees: Token Transfers: Transferring ERC-20 or other token standards involves gas fees. These fees vary based on the token's contract implementation and the current network demand. NEAR Protocol employs several economic mechanisms to secure the network and incentivize participation: Incentive Mechanisms to Secure Transactions: 1. Staking Rewards: Validators and delegators secure the network by staking NEAR tokens. Validators earn around 5% annual inflation, with 90% of newly minted tokens distributed as staking rewards. Validators propose blocks, validate transactions, and receive a share of these rewards based on their staked tokens. Delegators earn rewards proportional to their delegation, encouraging broad participation. 2. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their NEAR tokens to validators to increase the validator's stake and improve the chances of being selected to validate transactions. Delegators share in the validator's rewards based on their delegated tokens, incentivizing users to support reliable validators. 3. Slashing and Economic Penalties: Validators face penalties for malicious behavior, such as failing to validate correctly or acting dishonestly. The slashing mechanism enforces security by deducting a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring validators follow the network's best interests. 4. Epoch Rotation and Validator Selection: Validators are rotated regularly during epochs to ensure fairness and prevent centralization. Each epoch reshuffles validators, allowing the protocol to balance decentralization with performance. Fees on the NEAR Blockchain: 1. Transaction Fees: Users pay fees in NEAR tokens for transaction processing, which are burned to reduce the total circulating supply, introducing a potential deflationary effect over time. Validators also receive a portion of transaction fees as additional rewards, providing an ongoing incentive for network maintenance. 2. Storage Fees: NEAR Protocol charges storage fees based on the amount of blockchain storage consumed by accounts, contracts, and data. This requires users to hold NEAR tokens as a deposit proportional to their storage usage, ensuring the efficient use of network resources. 3. Redistribution and Burning: A portion of the transaction fees (burned NEAR tokens) reduces the overall supply, while the rest is distributed to validators as compensation for their work. The burning mechanism helps maintain long-term economic sustainability and potential value appreciation for NEAR holders. 4. Reserve Requirement: Users must maintain a minimum account balance and reserves for data storage, encouraging efficient use of resources and preventing spam attacks. Polygon uses a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and the Plasma framework to ensure network security, incentivize participation, and maintain transaction integrity. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators on Polygon secure the network by staking MATIC tokens. They are selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks based on the number of tokens they have staked. Validators earn rewards in the form of newly minted MATIC tokens and transaction fees for their services. Block Production: Validators are responsible for proposing and voting on new blocks. The selected validator proposes a block, and other validators verify and validate it. Validators are incentivized to act honestly and efficiently to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Checkpointing: Validators periodically submit checkpoints to the Ethereum main chain, ensuring the security and finality of transactions processed on Polygon. This provides an additional layer of security by leveraging Ethereum's robustness. 2. Delegators: Delegation: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their MATIC tokens to trusted validators. Delegators earn a portion of the rewards earned by the validators, incentivizing them to choose reliable and performant validators. Shared Rewards: Rewards earned by validators are shared with delegators, based on the proportion of tokens delegated. This system encourages widespread participation and enhances the network's decentralization. 3. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized through a process called slashing if they engage in malicious behavior or fail to perform their duties correctly. This includes double-signing or going offline for extended periods. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, acting as a strong deterrent against dishonest actions. Bond Requirements: Validators are required to bond a significant amount of MATIC tokens to participate in the consensus process, ensuring they have a vested interest in maintaining network security and integrity. Fees on the Polygon Blockchain 4. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: One of Polygon's main advantages is its low transaction fees compared to the Ethereum main chain. The fees are paid in MATIC tokens and are designed to be affordable to encourage high transaction throughput and user adoption. Dynamic Fees: Fees on Polygon can vary depending on network congestion and transaction complexity. However, they remain significantly lower than those on Ethereum, making Polygon an attractive option for users and developers. 5. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Polygon incurs fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in MATIC tokens and are much lower than on Ethereum, making it cost-effective for developers to build and maintain decentralized applications (dApps) on Polygon. 6. Plasma Framework: State Transfers and Withdrawals: The Plasma framework allows for off-chain processing of transactions, which are periodically batched and committed to the Ethereum main chain. Fees associated with these processes are also paid in MATIC tokens, and they help reduce the overall cost of using the network.
Début de la période à laquelle se rapporte la déclaration
2024-03-08
Fin de la période à laquelle se rapporte la déclaration
2025-03-08
Rapport sur l'énergie
Consommation énergétique
812.89579 (kWh/a)
Sources de consommation d’énergie et méthodologies
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) near_protocol, avalanche, polygon, ethereum, binance_smart_chain, arbitrum is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
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